DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 905 



"The mixing of sand in the food — both in a ration eontaining animal food and 

 one without — resulted in better health for the chicks and more efficient use of the 

 food. 



"The addition of raw, ground Florida rock phosphate and sand to rations both 

 with and without animal food resulted in better growth and more efficient use of 

 food than when sand alone was added. 



" The addition of the ground rock to rations without animal lood resulted in more 

 rapid growth and more efficient use of food than the addition of sand alone. 



" The addition of grotnid rock phosphate to rations both with and without animal 

 food was followed by l)etter growth, and on the whole from less food, than the 

 addition of finely ground oyster shell. 



"Food mixed with finely ground oyster shell was less healthful and less efficient 

 than the same food mixed with tine sand. 



"Mixing bone ash and ground oyster shell in the food resulted in more rapid 

 growth than the mixing of sand alone. But injury attributed to ground oyster shell 

 made the feeding less profitable." 



Ash and grit for growing- chicks, F. H. Hall and W. P. Wheeler {Seir York 

 State Sta. Bui. J^,?, j)<>}>iilar cd., pp. 7). — A popular simimary of the above bulletin. 



DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 



The dairy herd, G. H. True [Arizuiia Sta. Bpt. 190S, pp. 335-337).— Thii^ is a 

 yearly record of 6 or 7 cows for 3 years. 



The Waldeck cattle, W. Ritgen ( hiaiif/. Di.'ts., Hiir. Jaia, 1903, pp. 76). — A descrip- 

 tive account of the native breed of cattle in Waldeck and tlie surrounding region, 

 with considerable statistical data. 



Dehorning cattle, C. L. Beach {Coiuiecticut Sturr.'i 'St<i. Bpt. 1903, pp. 176-182, 

 p(j. 1). — Observations were made on the influence of dehorning cows upon the yield 

 and composition of milk. In 1898 1 1 out of 24 cows in the herd were dehorned in 

 3Iay and the entire herd turned out to pasture on the following day. As compared 

 with the cows not dehorned, the total loss of milk for the dehorned cows amounted 

 to 127.08 lbs. during the first 10 days following dehorning, 66.47 lbs. during the 

 second period of 10 days, antl 11.73 lbs. during the third period of 10 days. In May, 

 1903, 9 cows were dehorned, records being obtained for the Meek preceding dehorn- 

 ing and for the 6 weeks following. The cows Avere pastured after the first 2 weeks. 

 As compared with the yield of nulk from the same number of cows not dehorned, 

 the total loss of milk for the dehorned cows was 173.2 lbs. for the first week, 156.1 

 for the second week, 79.8 for tlie third week, 85.5 for the fourth week, 93.4 for the 

 fifth week, and 51.3 for the sixth week. In 1898 the average loss of milk was 20 lbs. 

 per cow, and in 1903, 70 lbs. The corresponding losses in butter fat were, respec- 

 tively, J lb. and about 2 lbs. 



"The pain of the operation of dehorning has been overestimated, and the mortality 

 is practically nothing. The shrinkage in the milk and butter-fat yields of dairy cows 

 is small and temporary. The worry, pain, and cruelty of animals to their mates is 

 eliminated when these instruments of torture are removed, and the lack of fear and 

 the (juiet contentment of the individuals of the herd are at once noticeable. The 

 benefits from dehorning dairy cattle can not be ac(;urately measured, but there is an 

 almost unanimous opinion in its favor among those who have practiced it in their 

 herds." 



Milking records, C. L. Beach ( Coiinedlcut iStorrs Sta. Rpt. 1903, pp. 1S3-186). — Data 

 are given which show the amount of milk obtained by a second milking immediately 

 following careless or unskillful milking. The additional milk from 6 cows amounted 

 to 22.35 lbs. and tested 10.6 per cent of fat. A score card used in judging the 

 efficiency of students in milking is also given. 



