VETERINARY SOIENCE AND PRACTICE. 915 



Attention was also yiven to a considi'i-ation of African coast fi-vcr in cattle, <rlan<lcrs. 

 foot-and-niontli <liscase, rabies, sheep seal), etc. 



Infectious diseases of our farm animals, W. II. Dai.rymim.k {Jour. Comp. Med. 

 <i)i<l Vet. Arrli., J4 (190o), Xo. 4, pp. ..'Ol-U..'). — lirief notes on the nature and means 

 of combating tuberculosis, foot-and-niontli disease, Texas fever, and other contagious 

 diseases of domestic animals. 



On certain septicemias and some other infections of young- animals, A. E. 

 MErr.vM [Jour. Comp. Path, (ind Ther., li> [1903), No. .?, 2)p. J.:!<)-;.'44).—V>r\i4 notes 

 are given on some of the more common forms of septic infections and intoxications. 

 Particular attention is given to a discussion of white scour in calves and the connec- 

 tion of this trouble with huig <lisi'ase in calves. The 2 diseases are believed to l)e 

 of the same origin. For the prevention of these diseases tlie author recommends 

 careful antisepsis of the umbilicus. 



Researches on tetanus, II. Meyer and F. Ransom (Proc. Roy. Sor. [Xonr/oj?], 7;2 

 {HiO.i), Xo. 477, }>p. 2ij-,>0). — The authors believe that they have demonstrated that 

 the transportation of the toxin to the central nervous sj'stem takes place only by 

 way of the motor nerves. Experiments were carried out, during which it was 

 shown that the progress of the toxin along the motor nerves could be checked by 

 an a|)])lication of antitoxin to the nerve {-ords. That the course of the toxin is 

 centripetal along the motor nerve was showTi by experiments to determine the 

 jieriod of incubation of tetanus from infection by different methods. The charac- 

 teristic tetanic rigidity of the muscles is believed to be due to the action of the 

 toxin on the nervous centers. It was found that the tetanus toxin does not reach 

 the spinal centers l)y way of the sensory nerves nor in the lymphatics of the motor 

 nerves, but in the protoplasm of these nerves. 



The relation of various tissues of the animal organism to tetanus toxin, 

 A. IcNATowsKV [Cenfljl. Pall. v. P((r., 1. Ahl., Orl{/., J.7 (190.]), Xos. 1, pp. 4-14; 2, 

 jip. 1'>S-1(;S). — The author briefly reviews the literature relating to this ])roblem. 

 The chief purpose of the experiments reported in this paper was to determine whether 

 all of the organs of the body are capable of lixing tetanus toxin. The organs studied 

 included the brain, spleen, spinal cord, nmsculature, liver, kidneys, and pancreas, 

 as well as the blood. During the author's investigations it was not found that any 

 special substance was produced in different organs which might account for a reaction 

 toward tetanus toxin. The brain, spinal cord, liver, kidney, spleen, lung, and muscle 

 tissue f>f rabbits and guinea pigs dead of tetanus, when inoculated into mice were 

 fiMirid to be capable of transmitting tetanus without regard to their l)lood content. 

 The symptoms of the form of tetanus thus ])roduced were quite different from those 

 observed in typical cases, however. It was found that the l)ile and urine of animals 

 affected with tetanus does not contain any tetanus toxin under normal conditions. 

 The various organs of the body were found to be capable of fixing or neutralizing 

 the tetanus toxin to some extent. 



The absorption of tetanus toxin in mammals, .V. Makik (/>'»/. Inxt. ]\ixteiir, 

 1 {190.3), No. 17, jyp. C33-f>40). — A general discussion of the course taken by the 

 tetanus virus in passing from the periphery to the central nervous structures. It 

 has been shown that the tetamis toxin is absorbed by the terminal portions of the 

 motor nerves, and that a small quantity of toxin jilaced in contact with these nerves 

 is snlHcient to produce tetanus, even in animals which have received a sullicient 

 quantity of antitoxin to render them imunme to inoculations with toxin by the 

 hyjMidermic or intravenous methods. Tetanus toxin is always found in the nerves 

 in inoculateil aiiimals. Arguments are ])resented to prove that the toxin does not 

 ])enetrate from the periphery to the central nervous system in the lymi)athi(r spaces 

 around the nerves, but ratlier in the nerve substance itself. It isbelieved that the 

 larger part of the perio<l of incubation is occui>ie<l by the transportation of the poison 

 from the periphery to the nervous center in the axis (cylinder of the nerves. 



