918 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



The frequency of tuberculosis of the mesenteric glands in ho^s, K. Muller 



(Zlsclir. Flcisrh. II. Mllrlilii/i/., /.! {J!)0.!), Xd. ,s\ pji. 24i, 24^). — III an cxaniiiiation of 

 1,:!2S \w>fi^ liilH'rcul(>si.s was found in tlic intt'stincs or nu'SLMiti'i-ic frlands in 119 cases, 

 in the liver in 19 cases, and in the lun<j;s in 15 cases. In 50 per cent of the cases in 

 which thi" small intestines were affected, the disease could be recognized without 

 making an incision. According to statistics collected by the author tuberculosis 

 exists in about 9 per cent of all hogs examined. 



Pasture and tuberculosis, ScnuoDKU {Berlin. Tierarztl. WrJim^clir., 1903, Xo. 4J, 

 p. r,.3f)). — According to tlu^ author's observations th(^ percentage of tuberculosis in 

 hogs falls very decidedly during the late summer mcmths. It is recommended, 

 therefore, that where it is jxissible animals be turned out to pasture early in the 

 sjiring. 



The treatment of experimental tuberculosis by means of emulsions of 

 tuberculous ganglia, A. Rodet {('nmpt. linul. Sor. Biol. I'uria, 55 {lOOo), No. 37, 

 /i/>. lldU-ll I '/). — Till- purpose of the author's experiments was to determine whether 

 lyiiiplialic ganglia uf tuberculous animals contain any curative princ-iples which 

 could lie used in tiu' treatment of tuberculosis. The experiments Avere made with 

 laboratory animals, chiefly guinea pigs, and the results obtained were for the most 

 part negative. It was found that the treatment of inoculated animals with an extract 

 from the lymphatic ganglia alone or associated with goat serum had little effect in 

 checking the development of tuberculosis. 



Tuberculins, Beraxeck {f'o)ii])l. llcnd. Acod. Sci. J'aris, 1,17 {IDO.J), Xo. 21, ]>p. 

 SS!/~S.91). — Attention is called to the fact that there are several kinds of tubercle 

 toxins, some of which are diffusible and affect the nervous system, while others 

 remain in conjunction with the bacterial bodies and exercise their action by contact 

 with the surrounding tissues. In studying the course of tuberculosis in guinea pigs 

 it was ascertained that the toxins cause a slow wasting process in the organism, \vhile 

 the tubercle bacilli exercise a positive chemotactic influence upon the phagocj'tes. 

 The phagocytes surround the bacilli but are unable to digest them. In order, there- 

 fore, to check the process of tuberculosis it is necessary to neutralize the toxins })y 

 means of antitoxins, or to increase the bacteriolytic power of the phagocj'tes. 



The author made a number of experiments for the purpose of testing a method of 

 vaccination. Objection is made to certain methods of olitaining tul)erculin on the 

 ground that these methods do not permit a differentiation of the toxins contained 

 in the nutrient medium and those which are fixed in the })acterial bodies. It was 

 observed during the author's experiments that certain cultures were acid wliile 

 others were alkaline, and an attempt was made to increase the jiroduction of acidity. 

 It was found that by artificially rendering cultures decidedly alkaline a tendency 

 was developed toward a production of acid, which was conspicuously shown when 

 the aci<lity was determined by titration 2 months afterwards. As a result of his 

 ex])eriments the author distinguishes between basitoxins and acidotoxins. For 

 therapeutic purposes the author used a mixture of these 2 toxins in experiments on 

 guinea pigs and man. N(j undoubted case of cure or immunity against tuberculosis 

 has thus far been produced, Init the resistance to the disease has been somewhat 

 increased. 



The normal temperature of cattle, J. IL\.tnal {Berlin. Tierarztl. Wchnschr., 

 1903, Nos. 39, pp. C01-G05; 40, pji. 617-019). — The author made an elalwrate study of . 

 the normal temperature of cattle with special reference to the bearing of this qtiestion 

 ujion the results obtained from tuberculin injections. Tables are presented showing 

 the relation of age to normal temperature and also showing the temperatures obtained 

 after tulierculin injections and during the jirogress of various infectious and other 

 diseases. The author concludes that the normal temperature for the first few days 

 of life is about 40° C, while at i year of age it varies from ;59 to 40°, at 9 months, 

 l)etween 38.8 and 89.5°, and in cattle over 1 year of age the normal tempt^rature 

 varies between 38 and 39° C. 



