920 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Serum therapy for anthrax, A. .li'iKcici.i nas (/.Ixchr. J/i/</. n. L)frrlionskrank-., 44 

 (JHO.l), Xo. ,.', jiji. 27-l-.'So). — For tlic iiroductioii of an 'niiiiiiiinziii<^ Heriim a K"^t and 

 SI !<lu'i'}) wen' inoculated HulK'utaueou.^Iy witli tlie first anthrax vaecint' and 2 weeks 

 later with the second vaccint'. The sernni tiins ol)taineil was tt'sted in experiments 

 on guinea jiiu's. 



The author concludes from his experiments that the serum tif animals whicli have 

 been rendered unsusceptible to anthrax possesses preventive ])roperties toward this 

 disease. Tiie same serum was used in a series of experiments in the cure of anthrax 

 in guinea pigs. It was found in these experiments that when guinea pigs were inoc- 

 ulated simuitani'ously with the serum and anthrax cultures, or with the cultures first, 

 followed l>y the serum after 2 to 4 hours, a portion of the animals lived, while the 

 remainder became infected and <lied. 



The control of anthrax according to the method of Sobernheim, ISukow 

 {Berlin. Ticnlrzil. Wrlimcln:, 1903, No. 35, pp. 541-545). — In 1K97 Sol)ernheim 

 announced that he had succeeded in immunizing sheep against experimental 

 anthrax. This method was used by the author in vaccinating 8,000 animals, of 

 which only S died from anthrax. In the author's opinion further attention must 

 be given to deteiiniiiing the j)roper degree of attenuation for the vaccine material. 

 The author believes that cattle are more susceptible to anthrax than other domesti- 

 cated animals. The method of Sobernheim consists in the use of an anthrax serum, 

 followed by an attenuated culture, the doses of the serum being 10 cc. for all 

 animals, and that of the culture being from 0.8 to 0.5 cc. for calves, and 0.5 to 1 cc. 

 for adult cattle. 



The natural immunity of fowls to anthrax, (). Bail an<l A. I'ettkkssox 

 {Cenlhl. Bait. it. Par., 1. Aid., Oru/.,34 {1903), Nox. 1, pp. 10-7-lOS; 2, pp 241-259).— 

 As a final result of the investigations of these authors for the ])urpose of determining 

 the resisting power of chickens to anthrax, it is concluded that the anthrax bacilli 

 in chickens are destrf)yed by means of a complement which takes its origin from tlie 

 bone marrow. This substance, however, is given off quite slowly, so that a portion 

 of the bacilli injected into fowls remains alive for considerable time. The active 

 comi)lement in these processes is not a new product sustaining a relation to the 

 anthrax bacillus alone, but is associated with the corresponding immune body of 

 fowls. 



The behavior of anthrax and fowl cholera bacilli in mice during- mixed 

 infection, II. M. (4ram {Zlsrhr. Hyg. n. Infect iunskrank., 4^ {1903), No. 2, pji. 255- 

 266). — The literature of this subject is critically reviewed in connection with a brief 

 bibliography. The author made a number of experiments, during which mice were 

 inoculated simultaneously with anthrax bacilli and fowl cholera ))acilli. It was 

 found during these experiments that the association of these bacilli in cultures or in 

 the bodies of mice had no effect upon either pathogenic organism in the way of 

 attenuating or otherwise modifying its action. All the mice which were inoculated 

 with both kinds of organisms died at the same time with the control mice, which 

 were inoculated with one organism. Likewise the association of these 2 organisms 

 had no tendency to increase the virulence of either anthrax bacillus or the fowl 

 cholera bacillus. 



Foot-and-mouth disease in Massachusetts, A. Peters [Jour. Comp. Med. (lud 

 Vet. Arcli., 24 {1903), .Vo.s'. 3, ])p. 133-143; 4, jtp. 222-233). — An outline is given of 

 the symptoms and pathological anatomy of this disease, with notes on outbreaks 

 which have o(H'uri-ed in I'Airope and a detailed descrij)tion of the recent outbreak in 

 New England. The measures whicli were adopted by the Cattle Bureau of Massa- 

 chusetts and the Bureau of Animal Industry of this Department in controlling the 

 disease are described, and notes are given on the effectiveness of quarantine measures 

 and the various methods of eradication which were adopted. 



Analogous foot-and-mouth disease, C. C. Mills {Jom\ Comp. Med. and Yet. 

 Arch., 24 {1903), No. 5, pp. 292-296). — The author observed 3 or 4 outbreaks of this 



