BOTANY. 955 



nates, the author ()l)tiiincil varyiiitj: amounts of t^uanidin jncrate. When calciuiu 

 pennanganate was used auotlun* oxidation product was also olitaiiieil, tiie clieniical 

 rliaracteristics of wlucli an- briefly di'srrihed. 



Salmon oil, 1'.. i>k (iuioiKi- {('hnn. Iter. Felt u. Ildri-Ind., 10 {I'JO.i), p. 323; abs. 

 in Ztschr. I'lilerxaeli. Xalir. tt. (t'eitn.^xnitl., 7 {1904), Xo. 7, p. 41S). — Analytical data 

 are reported regardino: salmon oil, which is manufactured in large <juantities in 

 British Columbia. 



Studies on the odor of sprat oil and cod-liver oil, L. Sehvais {Vhein. liev. 

 Fettxi. Harz-LuJ., 10 (1903), p. 231; abs. in Ztschr. I'ntersuch. Nahr. v. GenussmtL, 

 7 {1904), No. 7, p}>. 4iS, 419). — Chemical studies are briefly reported. 



The detection of artificial coloring matters in foods and condiments, K. 

 Spaeth {Phnrm. Coitralhalle, 44 {1903), pp. 117, 118; abs. in Ztschr. Untersuch. Nahr. 

 u. GennssmlL, 7 {1904), -^"o- 5, p. 310). — The use of sodium salicylate for the extrac- 

 tion of artificial coloring matter from jams, flour preparations, etc., is recommended. 



Short text-book of food chemistry, Rottger {Kurzes Lehrhuch dcr Nahrunris- 

 mittelcheinie. Leipzig: J. A. Earth, 1903, 2. ed., pp. 698; rev. in Hyg. RundscJiau, 

 14 {1904), No. 6, p. 2S3). — A new edition of this text-book. 



Progress in the chemistry of the fermentation industries during- the last 

 three years, 0. Mohk (Ztschr. Angeir. Chem., 17 {1904), Nux. 1, pp. 10-17; 2, ]ip. 

 49-31).— X review. 



Extracts from the proceedings of the Association of Oflicial Agricultural 

 Chemists, 1903 ( U. S. Dept. Agr., Burean of Chemistry Circ. lS,j)p. 14)- — This is an 

 advance circular giving the recdmmemlations of referees as adopted, and the motions 

 and appointments affecting the work of 1004. 



BOTANY. 



The development and structure of vegetation, F. E. Clements {Lincoln: 

 Univ. Nebraska, But. Surrey, 1904, No. 7, pp. 175). — This constitutes an enunciation 

 of the principles on phologeny and structure of vegetation, which have been the 

 basis of the author's investigations covering a period of al)out 6 years. The prin- 

 ciples were first given as hypotheses in 1898, and have been subject to constant test 

 in the field since that time, the present publication giving the author's conclusions 

 relating to plant ecologj-. 



The principal portion of the work deals with the physical factors of the prairie 

 formation in Nebraska. The principles of association, invasion, and zonation are 

 discus.sed at length, and an attempt is made to systematically consider them in con- 

 siderable detail as well as to introduce the principles of succession and alternation as 

 factors in plant life. The author states that the various hypotheses have been 

 reiieatedly confirmed, and they are now presented as a working basis for those 

 interested in similar lines of investigation. 



The different factors discussed are association; invasion, which includes migration 

 and what tlie author terms "ecesis," or the phenomena exhibited by the organism 

 from the time of its introduction until it becomes thoroughly established in a forma- 

 tion ; succession, zonation, and alternation. These are treated historically, after which 

 the phenomena are discussed; and each chapter concludes with numerous references 

 to the literature of the subject. 



Nitrogen bacteria and legumes, C. G. Hopkins {Illinois Sta. Bid. 94, pp. 307- 

 328, figs. 5). — A description is given of the action of bacteria in the preparation of 

 plant food for assimilation ])y the plant and the function of the nitrogen-gathering 

 bacteria. The results of a number of investigations with red clover, cowi)eas, soy 

 beans, alfalfa, and sweet-clover bacteria ^re given. In many instances where failures 

 have followed tlie attempt to secure a good growth of these plants, soil inoculation 



