970 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



pensate for the cost of tlie shade. In the case of the lighter grade of cheese cloth 

 there was a considerable increase in the size of the l)erries obtained; hnt with the 

 heavier grade no difference was fibserval)lo in the size of the berries grown under- 

 neath tlie cloth and outside. With the lighter cloth 18 (jts. picked underneath the 

 canvas contained 1,102 V)erries, while 13 qts. picked outside contained 1,452 berries, 

 which shf>ws that the l)erries Avere about 15 per cent larger from the shaded i)lants. 



The shaded berries appeared to be a little brighter and glossier than thf)se grown 

 outside, l)nt the difference was not marked. The texture of the berries was not 

 noticeably different except in the case of Marshall, which appeared to be softer and 

 more melting in the mouth than those grown outside. Shaded Ridgeway berries 

 were also softer than those grown outside, and their shipping cjuality was injured. 

 Analyses were made of berries grown under shade and those grown in the open. 

 The following table shows the comparative composition of the two sorts: 



Acid and sugar content of sJiaded and unshaded strawberries. 



From the data given in the above table it is seen that the shaded berries, while 

 slightly less acid than those grown in the open, also contained a smaller i)ercentage of 

 sugar. 



In conclusion the authors discuss the effects of shading on plants in general, and the 

 general applicability of shading as a cultural practice. It is believed that shading as 

 a horticultural practice is likely to be most useful in localities having a high per- 

 centage of sunshine, a rather light rainfall, and considerable Avind with a consequent 

 high rate of evaporation. These conditions are most prevalent in much of the 

 Southwest. 



Shading- strawberries, F. H. Hall, O. M. Taylor, and V. A. Clark {New York 

 State Sta. Bui. 246, popular ed., pp. S, fig. 1). — A popular summary of the aVjove 

 bulletin. 



Some experiments in ring-ing- the Zante, A. J. Perkins {Jour. Agr. and Ind. 

 South Australia, 7 {1904), No. 7, 2>p- 383-3S5, figs. 3) . — Attention is called to the defect- 

 ive healing of the wounds made when Zante currant vines are ringed and the wounds 

 left exposed to the direct rays of the sun. It was believed that if the wounds were 

 covered over they would heal better. Experiments were therefore made in covering 

 the wounds with grafting wax, bandaging over with a strip of waxed calico, and 

 coating with wax and then bandaging over with waxed calico. 



Three weeks after the operations were performed the wounds that had been simply 

 waxed had begun to callus over, while those that had been bandaged had completely 

 healed. No difference was observed between the healing of the wounds that had 

 been simply bandaged and those that had been both waxed and bandaged. As the 

 setting and development of the fruit was equally good on all vines, and as the injury 

 resulting Irom the wounds which healed over rapidly must have been less serious 

 than where they healed over more slowly, as was the case when the wound was left 

 uncovered, the practice of bandaguig is strongly recommended. 



It is believed that in ringing by this method a girdle of bark I to \ in. in width 

 may be safely removed if immediately bandaged with waxed cloth. It is considered 

 easier to make this comparatively wide girdle and bandage it than to make a very 

 narrow girdle and not bandage. 



