HORTICULTURE. 971 



The effects of grafting on grapes, L. Daniel and C. Laurent [Jour. Agr. Prat., 

 n. ser., 7 {1004), No. 9, pp. 293, 294). — Some notes are given on the changes observed 

 in the structure of the leaves of vines as a result of grafting. Analyses arc^ also given 

 of wines obtained from grapes of the same varict}- grafted on Rupcstis du Lot and on 

 41R ]\Iillardet. From the data given the authors conclude that the wine obtained 

 from grafted vines differs sensibly from the wine obtained from vines that have not 

 been grafted. The variations of the different constituents are dependent upon tlie 

 nature of the varieties. 



End-to-end grafting of vines. Tests at Elsenburg, F. T. P>ioLErrr {Agr. 

 Jour. Cape Good Hope, J4 {1904), j^o. 3, pp. 330-335, fig^. 4)- — iii experiments at 

 the college it has been found that a skillful grafter could make 300 end-to-end grafts 

 per hour, while by the method of tongue grafting, usually employed, 100 grafts per 

 hour was rapid work. Studeiits who had never grafted before were able to make 

 but 15 tongue grafts with grapes, while by the end-to-end method they averaged 

 120 grafts per hour. 



Wlien grape grafts made by the 2 methods were set in the tield there was hut 

 little <lifference observed in their growth when made by skilled workmen, in tlie 

 case of unskilled workmen the end-to-end grafts grew almost as well as those made 

 by the skilled grafters, while the growth of ordinary tongue-grafted grapes made by 

 unskilled workmen w ere almost a total failure. When the grafts were uncovered 

 to remove the scion roots it was found that the roots were less numerous on the 

 end-to-end grafts and tlu' work was also much facilitated and hastened l)y the 

 absence of tying material. On the whole, the results are believed to l)e much in 

 favor of the end-to-eml method of grafting. 



Detailed directions are given for end-to-end grafts, and plans shown by which 

 stock and scion may be regularly cut at the same angle, and thus fit more perfectly. 



Wine statistics for 1900 and 1901 {Arh. K. Gemndheltsamle, 20 {1903), No. 2, 

 ]>p. 155-242). — Analyses are given of a large number of wines grown in the different 

 parts of Ciermany in the years 1900 and 1901. The locality irom which the wine 

 was made, the variety of grapes used, and the character of the soil on which (he 

 grapes grew are given in each instance. 



The Jordan and the almond industry, F. Gh.let {Pacific, Rand Presa, 67 {1904), 

 A\>. 9, pp. 132, 133). — The author has jdanted, in cooperation with this Department, 

 anund)er of .lordan almond trees and distributed propagating wood to a large munber 

 of growers in California. He hasalso collected information on the amount of almonds 

 imported into the United States from various countries, the comparative weight of 

 nuts and kernels of different varieties of almonds, and other information on the 

 planting of Jordan alrnonds and its probable adaptability to California conditions. 



The Jordan almond is principally used for sugared and blanched almonds. It is 

 imported into this country almost entirely as shelled almonds. There are (5 grades, 

 varying in size from the first grade or "iMammoth" to the si.xth or smallest grade, 

 known as "Donkeys." it refpiires about 75 Jordan almonds for a pound. These 

 contain about '^\ oz. of kernel. It is thus seen that it requires about 4 lbs. of Jordan 

 almonds to produce 1 lb. of shelled kernels; while with the Nonpareil variety, which 

 contains about 240 nuts per pound, 2 lbs. will produce a pound of shelled almonds. 

 The author has found the Jordan the earliest variety of almond to bloom on the Tacific 

 coast. It is believed there will always be a demand for this variety, though the 

 quality may not be quite as good as that of the imported nuts. Tliis, however, is a 

 matter whicii is still to be determined. 



Trees and fruit in North Dakota, C. B. Walouon {North Dakota ,'^la. Pal. 59, 

 ]>p. 355-3S5, Jig!<. 7). — The value of trees and shrubs al)Out the home for ornamenta- 

 tion is pointed out, as well as tlu^ necessity of windbreaks of shrubs and trees for 

 growing fruit in North Dakota. Methods of planting trees, size and cost of trees, 

 best methods of cultivation, and the kind of trees most useful for planting in North 



