ENTOMOLOGY. 983 



various fjnmpa of insects. The author disensses the mouthparta and egg-laying 

 a]>]mratus of various insects in relation to the galls produced on the plants which 

 thev infest. A discussion is also given on the morphology of leaf galls and stem 

 gali"s. 



In search for parasites, CJ. Comperk {Jour. Dept. Agr. West. AuMralia, S {1903), 

 Nos. ~^, pp. Io:,^-14v; 6, pp. .^lS-624). — The author relates the results of his observa- 

 tions and researches in various parts of the world while engaged in the collection of 

 beneficial insect parasites. 



The mechanism of the movement of insects' wings, L. Bull ( Compt. Rend. 

 Acad. Sci. Paris, ISS {1904), Xo. 9, pp. 590-593, figs. 3). — Brief notes are given on the 

 study of this problem with special reference to the mechanics of insect flight, and the 

 operation and structure of tlie wings. 



Metamorphosis of the Trichoptera, G. Ulmer {Abhandl. Naturir. 1 er. Ham- 

 hnrg, IS {1903), pp. 154, pfe- 4, figs. 13). — A detailed biological account is presented 

 concerning the eggs, larvtie, pupje, and adults of various representatives of this order 

 of insects, together with notes on the structure of the cases in which the larvfe live. 

 The feeding habits and other biological relations of this group of insects are discussed. 



Experimental study of hydrocyanic-acid, gas as an insecticide, F. Lopez 

 {Com. Parasif. ^Igr. [ifexico], Circ. 5, j)p. 9). — In this circular the author recounts 

 his experience in the use of hydrocyanic-acid gas in destroying insects, rats, mice, 

 and other pests in houses. This work was undertaken in connection with the disin- 

 fection of houses after the occurrence of contagious diseases. It was found necessary 

 to destroy insects aiid other pests as well as pathogenic bacteria and hydrocyanic- 

 acid gas gave the best results in tliis work. Brief notes are also given on the use of 

 this gas in the disinfection of sleeping cars. 



Spray mixtures and spray machinery, S. A. Beach, V. A. Clark, and O. M. 

 Taylor {New York State Sia. Bui. 243, pp. 315-373, ph. i5).— The purpose of this bul- 

 letin is to present a digest and review of the experiments which have thus far been 

 made at various experiment stations and elsewhere in determining the best insecti- 

 cide remedies and the best methods for applying them. Detailed directions are given 

 for the preparation of all of the common and important fungicides and insecticides, 

 together with notes on spraying machinery of all kinds. An index appended to the 

 bulletin makes accessible the various details of information. 



Practical guide for the study of mosquitoes, Edmond and Etienne Sergent 

 {Guide prati(pie pour l' etude des moustiques. Paris: Masson & Co. 11903] pp. 176, 

 figs. 40). — An historical discussion is given of the general problems relating to the 

 extermination of mosquitoes and the agency of these insects in. transmitting various 

 diseases. The authors discuss also in a concise manner the method of examining 

 mosquitoes, their classification, morphology, biology, and means of exterminating 

 them. The blood parasites found in mosquitoes are also briefly noted. 



A practical study of malaria, J. W. W. Stephens and S. K. Christophers ( London: 

 Lo)igma)is, (ireen & Co., 1903, j)p- 378-\- XXXV, figs. 93). — A biological and economic 

 account of mosquitoes is presented on pp. 57-257. The anatomy, habits, and life 

 history of various species are discussed with special reference to the relation of these 

 insects to the origin and spread of malaria and to means of combating the pests. In 

 an appendix to the volume the authors present a brief systematic account of blood- 

 sucking flies of various families, together with notes on fleas and related insects. 



The -warfare against mosquitoes, E. Sergent {La lutte contre les moustiques. 

 Paris: J. liuefi', 1903, pp. 96, figs. 27). — The literature relating to methods for exter- 

 minating mosquitoes is discussed in a critical manner, with references toal)ibliograph- 

 ical list of 110 titles. Attention is called to the intimate connection between the 

 prevalence of mosquitoes and the ineffectiveness of farm labor as a result of diseases 

 carried by mosquitoes. The usual methods of extermination, including the use of 

 kerosene and drainage, are outlined and strongly recommended. 



