VETERIN.AKY SCIENCE AND PKACTICE. 1015 



111 tliL' :uitli(»r's iiivestigationa 8 distinct lines of experimrnts were undertaken for 

 the purpose of devising immunizing and curative methods. A nuinlx'r of aniinuls 

 were subjected to inoculation with the blood of sick or recovered animals. It was 

 found that as good results were obtained from the use of the blood of recovered ani- 

 mals as with blood taken from animals during the progress of the disease. During 

 these experiments many cases of undou))ted immunity were estal^lished. 



In a second series of experiments healthy and sick animals were treated with doses 

 oi serum obtained from immunized animals. This serum exercised a remarkaljle 

 effei't upon the blood parasites, causing them to shrink and disappear. The serum 

 treatment, however, while possessing this great advantage, is subject to one serious 

 disadvantage, viz, that the serum exercises a pronounced hemolytic effect upon the 

 blood of diseased cattle. An injection of 50 cc. of serum in a sick animal is sufficient 

 to cause death by hemolysis. Considerable success was had in using the serum 

 method on healthy animals for the purpose of preventing the development of the 

 disease. 



In a third series of experiments a test was made to determine the existence of 

 natural immunity in various races of cattle. It was found that zebus and half-bred 

 ze])U cattle had no natural immunity toward African coast fever; on the other hand, 

 cattle coming from Cierman East Africa appeared to l)e j)erfectly immune. As a gen- 

 eral result of the author's investigations inoculation with the blood of recovered 

 animals is recommended as the most effective and most feasible means of controlling 

 this disease. 



A contribution to the diagnosis of heart -water in cattle, A. Tiieiler ( Trana- 

 vaal Agv. Jour., J [1904), No. G, pp. 163-17S, pi. 1). — The symptoms of heart water in 

 sheep and goats are described in detail, together with an account of the post-mortem 

 lesions of this disease, its geograjihical distribution, and occurrence in cattle. Exper- 

 iments indicate that the incubation jieriod in cases of tick infection is longer than in 

 cases of injection with virulent blood. The disease may be transmitted by inocu- 

 lating the virulent blood of sheep and goats into cattle. Under natural conditions 

 the disease is carried by bont ticks in a nymphal or adult condition. 



The Texas cattle fever: How science is winning a long fight, C. S. Potts 

 {Amer. Mo. Rev. of Reviews, 29 [1904), ^o. 108, pp. 49-55, figs. 11). — A brief historical 

 account is given of the traffic in Texas cattle, which Avere driven over the trail from 

 the South into Kansas and INIissouri during the period from 1867 to 1887. Notes are 

 also given on the quarantine line, the nature and transmission of Texas fever, the 

 method of inoculation with the blood of recovered animals, and the benefits of this 

 discovery to the stock interests of the Soutli. 



The cattle tick and. the quarantine restrictions, T. Butler {Bui. Norlli Caro- 

 lina Slate Bd. Agr., ^4 {1903), Xu. 10, pp. 30-37). — The author presents a general 

 description of the quarantine line and the restriction of federal quarantine upon the 

 cattle of North Carolina. It is argued that, while these restrictions are necessary, 

 they cause considerable loss to animal industry in the State. Detailed recommen- 

 dations are given regarding methods of destroying the cattle ticks. 



The classification and nomenclature of diseases known under the name 

 actinomycosis, J. Li(ixii!;REs and (i. Spitz {Crnlbl. BaLt. n. Bar., 1. Aht., Orlg., 35 

 {1903), No. 3, pp. 294-308; 35 {1904), No. 4, pp. 452-458). — In an extended study of 

 actinomycosis it was founil desirable to classify the organisms found in cases of this 

 disease into 3 groups, viz., Actinomyces bovis, Streptothriv isrueli, and Actinobacillus. 

 The behavior of these organisms on various culture media is described in detail and 

 notes are given on the results of inoculation experiments in laboratory animals and a 

 study of the virulence of the different organisms. 



The authors conclude that actinomycosis can no longer be considered as a simple 

 disease due to 1 organism, but that some classification must be adopted l)ased on the 

 morphological, cultural, and pathcjgenic properties of the micro-organisms which 

 cause the various forms of the disease. 



