ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. . r > 1 



Fung-us diseases of the cranberry, ( '. L. Sheak I I . S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' 

 Bui. ?21,pp. 16,fig8. 11). The cranberry is affected by I serious fungus diseases 

 known as Mast, Bcald, rot, and anthracnose. 



The first 2 are due l<» the attack- of the same fungus, and represenl different forms 

 of one disease. Blasl is a term used to refer to the form of the disease which attacks 

 the fruits immediately after the blossoms fall. Scald has frequently been confused 

 with the eff eel of flooding followed by hot sun. This disease firsl appears as small 

 light-colored softened spots on the surface of the fruit. Cranberrj cot has frequently 

 been mistaken for scald. It is due, however, to another Bpecies of fungus which 

 causes irregular black spots just beneath the skin of the diseased unit. Anthracnose, 

 while due to a distinct species of fungus, can usually not be distinguished from scald 



except by making cultures of the fungi. All of these diseases affect the fruit and 



leaves. 



Remedies for these diseases must he <»f a preventive nature, and should consist in 



the regulation of the water suppl\ , destruction of diseased vines, the use of resistant 



varieties, and Bprayingwith standard fungicides, preferably Bordeaux mixture made 

 according to the 6:4:50 formula, to which a resin-fishoil soap is added to make ii 

 adhere better; During the season 5 applications should hi' made at intervals of not 



more than 15 days, using aboul I barrels of the fungicide per acre. The cost of this 



treatment is aboul $] "> per acre. 



Preventive treatment of grape anthracnose, I,. Degrully ( Prog. Agr. >i Vil. 

 (Ed. VEst), 26 (1905), No. 5, pp. 132, 133, />/. 1).— Attention is called to the effi- 

 ciency of dilute sulphuric acid as a wash for grapevines for the prevention of 

 anthracnose, and the author recommends the application of sulphuric acid in a 

 dilution of aboul <i liters of acid to KM) liters of water. This should he applied to 

 the vines as late as possible in the winter, preferably 2 or :; weeks preceding the 

 swelling of the buds. This treatment is to he preferred over the use of sulphate of 

 iron or other fungicides which have been recommended. 



Diseases of cocoanuts ( Bui. I >>/>/. Agr. [Jamaica], 3 ( 1905), No. 8, />/>. 51, 52). — 

 A report is given of the successful use of Bordeaux mixture for protecting cocoanut 



trees against the hud disease which causes the death of the trees. The experiment- 

 are still in progress and will be continued, applications being made at intervals of 6 

 to D months until there is no trace of the disease. 



An injurious disease of larch, C. A. .1. A. Oudemans I K. Akad. Wetensch. Amster- 

 dam, /'/•<»•. Sect. Sci., 6 (1904), pt. 2, pp. 498-501, pi. I).- A description is given of a 

 fungus disease of the common European larch, which is characterized by the dis- 

 colored appearance of the leaves and twigs of the trees. 



The discoloration of the leaves proceeds from the outer portion of the rosette toward 

 the interior, so that for a considerable period needles of two colors will he found 

 together. The fungus appears to he restricted to the leaves, and on this account the 



author recommends that all fallen leaves should he collected ami burned to prevent 



the spread of the disease. 



A study was made of the organism, and it is described as Exosporina laricis. The 

 attinities of this new genus are discussed. 



ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY— ENTOMOLOGY. 



The economic value of our native birds, II. A. Surface i /'". Dept. Agr., /<<<</. 

 Quart. Hiil., .' (1905), No. ',. />/■. 67-102, pis. 4, figs. 4). — The author discusses the 

 feeding habits and economic relations of woodpeckers, including hairy woodpecker, 

 downy woodpecker, Sphyrapicus varius, pileated woodpecker, red-headed wood- 

 pecker, and flicker. 



Slugs and snails ( Bd. Agr. <tn<l Fisheries [ London], Leaflet 132, />/>. 6,figs. ' I. — The 

 habits of lAmaxapresHs&nd Helix asp* rsa are briefly described. Thrushes and poultry- 



