54 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Some notes on the habits and life history of Bembecia marginata in west- 

 ern Washington, \Y. II. Lawrence ( Ent. News, 16 I 1905), No. 4, /'/'• 117-119).— 

 The raspberry root borer lias appeared in some parts of western Washington. 



The life history of this insect was studied by the aid of breeding experiments in 

 the laboratory and field observations. The insect hibernates in the larval condition 

 just underneath the epidermis of the canes beneath the surface of the ground. Appar- 

 ently they do not burrow into the canes and down into the roots. Usually infested 

 canes are not killed outright but merely show a poor growth. 



The injuries caused by Lytta vesicatoria to the flowers of the olive, 

 D. Marianj (Staz. Sper. Agr. Ral, 37 ( 1904), No.6, />/>. 484-489, figs. J).— This beetle 

 frequently feeds upon the (lowers of the olive and Syringa vulgaris, doing great 

 damage. In some instances the entire inflorescence is destroyed. Brief notes are 

 given on methods of destroying these pests. 



The orange maggot, A. L. Herrera (Bol. Com. Par. Agr., 2 (1905), No. 7, pp. 

 307-448, figs. 2) .—Trypeta ludens was found in some Mexican oranges imported into 

 California and State quarantine was proclaimed against the importation of all Mexi- 

 can oranges. This led to a general investigation of the subject by the Mexican 

 government, and the results of this study are published in the present bulletin. 



The distribution of the insect is discussed in great detail and notes are given on 

 the importance of the orange industry in Mexico. The author discusses also the 

 habits and life history of a number of insects related to the orange maggot. A large 

 part of the bulletin is of a highly controversial nature. As the result of the investi- 

 gation it is concluded that the orange maggot does not exist in all parts of Mexico, 

 and that some provinces free from the pest produce large quantities of oranges suitable 

 for exportation. It is argued that efficient means exist for the control of this pest 

 and that they are being applied on the Morelos estate from which the infested oranges 

 were imported into California. 



The author maintains that the orange maggot has frequently been introduced into 

 the United States, and has never been able to establish itself either in this country 

 or in the northern part of Mexico. 



The Morelos orange maggot, E. Cooper (Bien. Rpt. Comr. Hart. Gal, 1903-4, 

 pp. 43-50). — Trypeta ludens was found in several shipments of Mexican oranges 

 which arrived at San Francisco. On account of the dangerous character of this 

 insect a strict quarantine has been established against Mexican oranges, and the rail- 

 roads are assisting in preventing the introduction of the pest. 



A new enemy of oranges, P. Marchal (Bui. Mens. Off. Renseig. Agr. [Paris], 4 

 (1905), No. J, pp. 143-148). — Chrysomphatus dictyospermi minor is described with par- 

 ticular reference to its injuries to citrus fruits. 



The difficulty of combating this pest is partly due to the great variety of plants 

 upon which it feeds, the existence of several generations per year, the differences in 

 the ages of caterpillars of each brood, and the existence of a protective covering by 

 means of which caterpillars resist insecticides. They may be destroyed, however, 

 by the use of kerosene emulsion, soap insecticides, and fumigation with hydrocyanic- 

 acid gas. 



The pineapple gall of the spruce: A note on the early stages of its devel- 

 opment, E. R. Burdon (Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc, 13 (1904), No. 1, pp. 'l2-19).— 

 The galls produced by different species of Chermes all follow the same general plan 

 of development, but in the present paper particular attention is given to the galls of 

 C. abietis. 



The life of the gall produced by this insect on spruce may be divided into 3 stages, 

 the first of which is inclosed in the bud scales, the second beginning after the emer- 

 sion from the bud and ending with the opening of the chambers, and the third 

 including its death and decomposition. The life history of the gall insect is described 

 in detail with special reference to its agency in the production of the galls. 



