72 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



The yield of milk from the different quarters of the udder was found to vary con- 

 siderably, the posterior quarters being much more productive than the anterior. 

 Owing to the position of the milker on the right side, and consequently the more 

 intensive manipulation of the right half of the udder this half was found to be more 

 productive than the left half. 



The generally held view that the percentages of fat and solids increase from the 

 beginning to the end of milking, while the specific gravity decreases, is not believed 

 to be true. This is. however, the case for a single quarter, for a half of the udder 

 when the 2 quarters are milked simultaneously, or even for all 4 quarters when 

 milked at the same time. In such cases the fat and total solids increase from the 

 beginning to the end of milking, while the proteids, ash, and milk sugar decrease 

 almost uniformly. 



While there is practically no difference in the proportion of proteids, ash, and 

 milk sugar from the beginning to the end of milking, such variations as do exist are 

 ui( ire marked in the case of proteids and ash than milk sugar. The greater the yield 

 of milk the more marked are the variations mentioned. Where the different quar- 

 ters of the udder are milked in succession the fat content of the different portions of 

 the mixed milk varies irregularly. 



The influence of milking on the composition of milk, M. Popp (Molk. Ztg., 

 19 {1905), Xo. 20, pp. 493, 494). — This is a discussion of investigations along this line, 

 especially those of Lepoutre (E. S. R., 15, p. 906) and Svoboda (see above). In 

 experiments conducted in Russia it is noted that the yield of milk of cows of 4 

 different breeds during 10 days when the animals were regularly cleaned was 7 per 

 cent greater than when they were not cleaned. 



The chemical composition of milk in Milan, 1902-3, C. Bertocchi (Milchw. 

 ZentM., 1 (1905), Xo. 5, pp. 211-215).— -In continuation of the work of Billitz (E. S. R., 

 16, p. 1013), the author reports the results of analyses of the milk of 24 herds, repre- 

 senting 2,127 cows, in the region of Milan, and of 31 herds, representing 2,304 cows, 

 in the neighborhood of Lokate-Triulzi. 



The period covered was from May, 1902, to April, 1903. The average composition 

 of the milk of the 24 herds was as follows: Specific gravity 1.0317, fat 3.61 per cent, 

 solids-not-fat 8.91, and total solids 12.52; and of the 31 herds, specific gravity 1.0316, 

 fat 3.70 per cent, solids-not-fat 8.91, and total solids 12.61. As compared with the 

 earlier analyses the results show a slight improvement in the composition of the milk. 

 Often, however, the total solids fell below 12 per cent and the solids-not-fat below 

 9 per cent, the standard adopted in Milan. 



The milk supply of twenty-nine southern cities, C. F. Doaxe ( U. S. Dept. 

 Agr., Bur. Anim. Indus. Bui. 70, pp. 40). — A detailed account, based upon personal 

 investigation, is given of the milk supplies of Richmond, Norfolk, Portsmouth, 

 Newport News, Lynchburg, Danville, Wilmington, Raleigh, Greensboro, Charleston, 

 Columbia, .Spartanburg, Atlanta, Savannah, Augusta, Macon, Jacksonville, Pensacola, 

 Montgomery. Birmingham, Mobile, Vicksburg, Meridian, Natchez, New Orleans, 

 Baton Rouge, Memphis, Chattanooga, and Knoxville. 



In addition the author discusses in a general way the dairy situation in the South, 

 the consumption of milk in southern cities, the methods employed in the handling 

 of milk, milk and dairy inspection, and peculiar conditions in the seacoast cities, and 

 makes suggestions for the improvement of existing conditions. 



The consumption of milk in southern cities was found to be small. The average 

 daily amount consumed per capita in Richmond was found to be less than £ pt., while 

 in Mobile it was less than T V pt. It was also ascertained that the sale of cream was 

 exceedingly light. 



Two evils considered by the author as characteristic of the dairy industry of the 

 South are the keeping of cows in small inclosures within the city limits, and the 



