82 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



cattle in the author's experiments produced no toxins in nutrient media. It was 

 found to be pathogenic for all domesticated mammals. The organism apparently 

 was unable to pass through the uninjured mucous membrane of the alimentary tract 

 of rabbits. Animals which possess an active immunity toward fowl cholera are also 

 immune toward hemorrhagic septicemia of cattle. 



Experiments with Spengler's formalin method for making- pure cultures 

 of tubercle bacilli from bacterial mixtures, A. Dwoketzky (Centbl. Bald. [ete.], 

 /. AH., Orig. } 37 {1904), No. /, pp. 626-631).— Spengler proposed a method for iso- 

 lating tubercle bacilli from bacterial mixtures by the addition of small quantities of 

 formalin, which was supposed to destroy all other organisms except the tubercle 

 bacillus. This method was given a thorough test by the author, but in all cases 

 negative results were obtained. Whenever a sufficient quantity of formalin was used 

 to destroy the other organisms in the mixture the tubercle bacilli were also killed. 



Histological diagnosis of experimental tuberculosis in domestic mammals, 

 S. Arloixg and J. Paviot {Jour. Mid. Vet. et Zootech., 55 [1904), May, pp. 257-274, 

 figs. (>). — The literature relating to this subject is critically reviewed. 



The authors studied this problem from various points of view, giving particular 

 attention to the histological lesions. As a result of these studies it is concluded that 

 the duality of human and bovine tuberculosis can not be sustained. The disease 

 appears in various animal species under a typical form so far as the histological lesions 

 are concerned. In general the pulmonary lesions are more characteristic of the 

 disease than those which occur in other parts of the body. Exceptionally, however, 

 the pulmonary lesions may be absent. In such cases it is necessary to examine other 

 viscera before reaching a diagnosis concerning the disease. Human and bovine tuber- 

 culosis are considered forms of one and the same disease. 



The influence of splenectomy on the course of infection with tubercle 

 bacilli in homogeneous cultures, F. Arloing {Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. [Paris'], 

 57 {1904), Xo. 35, pp. 524, 525). — The author studied lesions of tuberculosis produced 

 by intravenous injection of virulent tubercle bacilli with especial reference to the 

 influence of the spleen in this infection. 



Small experimental animals were then used in inoculation tests, during which the 

 spleen was removed. It was found that the removal of the spleen favors extension 

 and the rapidity of the development of tuberculous lesions in various organs. When 

 the spleen was removed before inoculation the development of the tubercles was 

 more pronounced than when .this operation was performed after inoculation. The 

 facts observed during this study indicate that the spleen plays an important role in 

 protecting the organism against infection with tubercle bacilli. 



The behavior of native Japanese cattle toward tuberculosis, S. Kitasato 

 (Ztechr. Hyg. u. Infectionskrauk., 4$ {1904), Xo. 3, f>p. 471-4S4, figs. 2).— It is a well- 

 known fact that native Japanese cattle, under natural conditions, are free from 

 tuberculosis, while cattle imported into Japan appear to be highly susceptible. The 

 author made a number of tests for the purpose of determining whether the native 

 cattle possess any true immunity to tuberculosis. 



Extensive statistics are presented regarding the extent of tuberculosis among men 

 in Japan, and the mortality in this disease as compared with the sanitary condition 

 of cattle in different parts of the island. No tuberculosis among native cattle was 

 found even in localities where human tuberculosis prevailed greatly. Experiments 

 were made during which native cattle w^ere inoculated with virulent tubercle bacilli 

 of bovine and human origin. In these experiments, 52 native cattle and 19 cattle of 

 mixed race were used. 



It was found as a result of the experiments and observations that human tubercu- 

 losis is as prevalent in Japan as in Europe and America. The occurrence of primary 

 intestinal tuberculosis is about the same in adults and children. There are large 

 areas, however, where, in spite of the frequent occurrence of human tuberculosis, 



