YKTKKINAKY MEDICINE. 



cattle are entirely free from the disease, [n such localities aeither the milk nor 

 meal of cattle serve as human food. Under natural conditions, therefore, it appears 

 that human tuberculosis is uol dangerous for cattle. 



The native Japanese cattle appear to be almosl entirely insusceptible to tubercu- 

 losis. It" large doses of pure cultures are inoculated by the intravenous <»r intraperi- 

 toneal methods, native cattle may become infected to a certain extent. They are no1 

 susceptible, however, to hypodermic inoculation. It is concluded, therefore, that 

 human tuberculosis is n<>t transmissible to native cattle or cattle of mixed races. 



The bacterial flora of softened tubercles in cattle, K. < Western ( 5 nthl. Bakt. 

 [etc.], 1. AM., Orig.,31 {1904), Wos. 9, pp. 178-185; 3, pp.8S4S44; •/./'/'• f98-513).— 

 The literature relating to pyogenic bacteria in cattle is critically reviewed. 



Detailed iw>te- are presented <>n a number "f cases of tuberculosis in cattle in 

 which the tubercles were studied with especial reference t<» the pyogenic bacteria in 

 association with the tubercle bacilli. The pyogenic bacteria were found to be largely 

 staphylococci of a white, yellowish, or orange color. The staphylococci when tested 

 in inoculation experiments on guinea pigs, rabbits, and mice were all found to pos- 

 sess about the same pathogenic properties. When inoculated hypodermically they 

 produced an abscess at the point of inoculation in which staphylococci were found 

 in pure cultures. Later the abscess healed. In white mice, death was produced 

 after L' or 3 days after hypodermic inoculation. 



Numerous inoculation experiments were made with the tubercle bacilli found in 

 softened tubercles. As a result of the author's study it was concluded that virulent 

 tubercle bacilli are regularly present in softened tubercles in cattle. The organisms 

 associated with the tubercle bacilli in such structures are, for the most part, white 

 and yellow staphylococci. The latter organisms in cattle are not to be distinguished 

 either by their morphological or biological characters from staphylococci in man. 



Tuberculosis of the upper jawbone in cattle, Lienaux [Ann. Mid. VH., 54 

 (1905), Xo. 1, pp. 1-7). — Brief notes are given on the appearance of tuberculosis in 

 the bones, especially iii the superior maxillary bone. A description is given for the 

 purpose of differentiating between tuberculosis and actinomycosis of this bone, with 

 detailed notes on a case which came under the author's observation. 



Tuberculosis among veal calves, E. Cesar] ( Rev. Gen. Mid. IV/.. ; (1904), A'<. 

 44, pp. 893-402). — Tables are presented showing the number of calves slaughtered 

 in France from L899 to L903, and the number found to be tuberculous during this 

 period. Statistical data are also presented regarding the relative frequency of 

 tuberculosis in different organs and parts of the body. In 12 cases the author 

 determined the presence of tuberculous lesions in the intestinal mucous membranes. 

 A general discussion is ^iven of the significance of lesions in the mesenteric ganglia, 

 peritoneum, liver, spleen, lungs, pleura, heart, and bones. 



Tuberculosis of cold-blooded animals, E. KiJBTER (Munchen. Med. Wchnschr., 

 68 i 1905), A'". 2, pp. 57-59).— The study of tuberculosis among cold-blooded animals 

 is important, not only on account of the desirability of determining the relationship 

 between tubercle bacilli of different origin, but also from a practical standpoint. The 

 practical value of the knowledge of tuberculosis in cold-blooded animals is apparent 



from the fact that tubercle bacilli from such sources may be used for conferring 

 immunity in domestic animals. 



During the author's study of frogs, it was found that I A per cent of these a nim a l s 

 are affected with tuberculosis. The most conspicuous alterations due to the disease 

 are observed in the liver. Numerous inoculation experiments were carried out with 

 pun- cultures of bacilli obtained from frogs. During these experiments frogs, sala- 

 manders, lizards, crayfish, turtles, snakes, carp, and barbel, as well as guinea pigs, 

 rabbits, rats, and mice, were inoculated. 



It was found that all cold-blooded animals were susceptible to the action of these 

 bacilli. Some of the warm-blooded experimental animals were killed by inoculation 



