VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



frequently in connection with the eruption of the fire! teeth. The course of the dis- 

 ease is from 5 days to 5 weeks, and untreated animals die in a large percentage of 

 cases. 



In treating the disease all affected animals should be isolated, the mouths of exposed 

 calves and pigs Bhould be washed with an antiseptic, and stalls and premises Bhould 

 be disinfected. The mouth and other affected surfaces Bhould be carefully cl< 

 and disinfected twice daily with a 2 per cent solution of creolin in warm water. 

 Good results may be obtained also from the use of a 1 percent solution of carbolic acid. 

 Lugol's solution and potassium permanganate also acl in an efficienl manner. 



Bacillus necrophoru8 has a wide distribution in nature and causes a great variety of 

 lesions in different animals. 



Sheep parasite in Australia, I". W. Goding (Jlfo. Consular Rpts. [U. s.\. Xo. 

 990, y/'. 93, 94)' — The sheep maggot fly has gradually been becoming a most serious 

 pest in Australia for the past 10 years. It attacks chiefly breeding ewes and lambs. 

 In destroying these pests most ranchmen use a lime and sulphur dip. At tent inn has 

 been called to the facl that in Scotland carbolic washes for this purpose have been 

 discarded. Sulphur and oil lias been used more extensively, arsenic being added in 

 cases where there are no skin Lesions. 



The etiology of hog- cholera, M. Dorset, B. M. Bolton, and C. N. McBryde 

 [U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Anim. Indus. Bui. 72, pp. 101, pis. 3). — The Bureau of Animal 

 [ndustry of this Department has, for many years, been investigating the infectious 

 diseases of swine and methods of producing immunity against these diseases. 



The discovery of the hog cholera bacillus in L885 was considered as a great step in 

 advance in the investigation of hog cholera. The bacillus was at first thought to be 

 the bacteria] cause of hog cholera. Recent experiments, however, summarized in 

 the 1 ml let in under discussion indicate that while the hog cholera bacillus is a patho- 

 genic organism capable of causing death in hogs when inoculated intravenously and 

 generally fatal when taken into the alimentary tract, it is nevertheless not the prime 

 cause of the disease* Bacillus cholersesuis is found in most cases of spontaneous ho._r 

 cholera and is very fatal to rabbits and guinea pigs by intravenous or subcutaneous 

 Inoculation. 



A preliminary announcement of the discovery of the infectiousness of blood serum 

 free from hog cholera bacillus hut obtained from an animal suffering from the disease 

 was made in 1903, and the announcement was supplemented by another circular 

 issued by the Bureau of Animal Industry in L904. The results of the experiments 

 carried out by the authors and Doctor de Schweinitz show that pure cultures of hog 

 cholera bacillus when injected into hogs subcutaneously produce as a rule only slight 

 disturbances. The lesions thus caused may resemble those seen in acute cases of hog 

 cholera, hut the disease doc- not produce t be general characteristics of contagiousness. 



The most striking facts in connection with these experiments, however, is that 

 lion's which recover from such infection are not immune when subsequently exposed 



to natural infection. The experiments have shown conclusively that blood serum 

 from hogs affected with hog cholera and known to he free from Bacillus cholera suis 

 produces disease in bogs regularly after subcutaneous injection, and also "that the 

 disease thus produced possesses all of the characteristics of the natural disease, includ- 

 ing symptoms, lesions, contagiousness, infectiousness of the blood, and immunity in 

 those animals which recover." 



All attempts to isolate the micro-organisms from the filtrates with which the authors 

 experimented were without result. The pathogenic pro] city of the filtered blood, 

 however, is certainly due to the presence of a micro-organism since the disease is pro- 

 duced by the filtered serum and may he transferred to other animals by Bubcutane- 

 OUS injections. The hog cholera bacillus was also present almost uniformly in all 



4393— No. 1—05 7 



