RURAL ENGINEERING. 93 



The cost of pumping and distributing the Bewage, nol including interest and sink- 

 ing fund charges, is $11.30 per million gallons a! Paris and about 59 at Berlin. At 

 Berlin the income from the sewage farms exceeds the cost of their operation and has 

 done so for several years past. 



Historic highways of America, A. B. Hulbert [Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur II. Clark 

 Co.) 1905, vol. 16, />/>. 188). An index to volumes 1 to 15. 



Data on roads and pavements in Iowa ( Engin. A'. ws, 53 I 1905) . No. 6, \ 

 144, figs. 9). — This article calls attention to a marked revival of paving in fowa fol- 

 lowing the enactment of an amended paving law, reports t cacti on tests on brick and 

 asphalt pavements at Iowa state College, and gives a general survey of road conditions 

 in the state. Attention is called especially to the State law creating the Iowa state 

 College a highway commission, and pointing oul the fad thai although aboul 

 $2,260,000 of toad taxes are annually col leeted and expended upon the countrj roads 



of the State, these reads, like those of the surrounding States, are notoriously had. 



especially in had weather. 



Improving- the roads (Country Gent., 70 I 1905), No. 2731, pp. 509, 510). — In this 

 paper, which was read at the good roads conference held at Cornell University, 

 May 17, 1905, it is considered unwise to attempt in general to bring our roads up to 

 the European standard within a few years, or to construct a great state system of 

 macadam or similar roads. The gradual improvement of such roads as we have is 

 advised, reserving in all cases about tour- fifths of the available funds for maintenance 

 and repairs. 



Miscellaneous implements exhibited at Park Royal, 19C4, J. B. Dugdale 

 (Jour. Roy. Agr.Soc. England,65 (1904), pp. 184-211, figs. 18). — This article describes 

 the implements and appliances to which silver medals were given at this exhibition, 

 besides a number of agricultural engines, dairy appliances, swath turners, plows, 

 drills, roof cleaners and graters, potato digger, horse hoe, and miscellaneous articles. 



Electric plows in Italy, P. Cuneo | Mo. Consular Rpts. [U. &], 1905, No. 292, pp. 

 Ill, 11.'; Amer. Agr., 75 I 1905), No. 22, pp. 615, 616, fig. 1).—A device invented and 

 constructed by the Italian Electrotechnical Society of Turin for applying electric 

 power to plows and other farm machinery is described, and an account is given of 



Successful experiments in plow [ng by means of electric power. 



"The [plowing] device consists of two power cars, which are stationed at each side 

 of the field and between which are stretched cables attached to the plow. The elec- 

 tric current is taken from a trolley line; a current of about 500 volts is said to be 

 needed. Each car is said to communicate -~i horsepower, which can safely he 

 increased to 40 horsepower. The plow is pulled by the cables from one side of the 

 field to the other, and when it reaches the end of the furrow it stops automatically, 

 the current being cut off. It can he run backward or forward with ease. One man 

 manages the plow, and each car is operated by one man. Thus three men do all 

 the work. 



" < >f course, much depends on the condition of the soil, hut it is said that from 7 

 to 15 acres can be plowed in 12 hours. These power cars are said to be as easily 

 managed as traction engines, and their power can he applied to thrashing machine-. 

 corn shellers, pumps, grain drills, etc." 



The evolution of the plow t Maschinen Ztg., S ( 1905 I, No. /, /•/>. ?-4,figs. IS). - 

 A brief account. 



Plowing- with a traction engine (Amer. Thresherman, . No. 1, pj 



figs. IS).— The cost and efficiency of this method of plowing are discussed. 



On peat gas motors, Hubendick (Svenska MosskuUurfor. Tidskr., 19(1905), No. 

 l,pp. 46-54). 



