HORTICULTURE. 1 39 



HORTICULTURE. 



Opportunities in agriculture (U. >'. />-/>/. Agr. Yearbook 1904, />/>■ 161-190, 

 l>ls. .;). This subject is popularly considered from 3 different standpoints: I I I Grow- 

 ing Crops under Glass, by B. T. Galloway; (2) Fruil Growing, by M. B. Waite; and 

 .; General Farming, by W. .1. Spillman. 



( >n the subject of growing crops under glass Buch phases are considered as general 

 plan! growing, vegetable growing, cut-flower growing, and tin' growing of bedding 

 ami ornamental plants as a specialty. The business and braining qualifications nec- 

 essary for cadi of these industries, capital involved, and the profits which may 

 reasonably be expected are considered. 



Under fruit growing, special attention is called to intensive methods and the desira- 

 bility of thorough cultivation and care of relatively small areas as compared with 

 more extensive plantings. The various details of orchard management, cos! of estab- 

 lishing an orchard, and the opportunities in intensive fruit growing are discussed. 

 The average cost of establishing an orchard and its care for the first 5 years is placed 

 at $100 per acre. 



Under general farming special attention is called to possibilities in the milk and 

 fancy butter trade, poultry, vegetable gardening, cheese making and livestock in the 

 South, and seed production. 



Horticultural work at the Canadian Experiment Stations, YV. T. Macoun, 

 \V. s. Blair, 8. A. Bedford, A. Mackay, and T. A. Sharpe {Canada Expt. Farms 

 Rpts. 1904, pp. 105-122, 125-128, 134, 185, 853-359,364-370,895-409,435-446,466 

 485, ph. 2). — A report on the character, culture, and behavior of a large number of 

 fruits, vegetables, and flowering plants grown at the different experimental farms in 

 Canada from Nova Scotia to the Northwest Territories. The reports are similar in 

 character to those of previous years I E. 8. R., L6, p. L'nl). 



The severe winter of 1903-4 killed large numbers of fruit trees in the orchard- of 

 Ontario and Quebec, which for many years previously had proved hardy. At the 

 Central Experimental Farm 306 apple trees, including lh4 varieties, were killed, all 

 above the snow line. During the preceding 6 years 90 varieties of apples were top 

 grafted on hardy stocks to determine whether varieties which would not succeed 

 when grown in the ordinary way would prove satisfactory when top grafted on stocks 



having heavy trunks. Practically all of the varieties thus used for top grafting were 

 killed hack to the stocks. 



< me instance is cited in which Milwaukee and Martha were top grafted on Wealthy, 

 each variety occupying ahout half the top of the tree. As a result of the severe cold 

 Martha was entirely killed, while the Milwaukee remained alive and bore a good 

 crop of fruit. Trees which have proved tender when tried as standards are thus 

 show n to be also tender when grown on hardy stocks. Hardy stocks do not appear 

 to make grafts noticeably hardier. A revised list of the winter varieties of apples 

 recommended for the district is as follows: Scott Winter, Milwaukee. Northwestern 

 Greening, Canada Baldwin, and Golden Russet in the more favored localities. 



A further account is given by Mr. Macoun of the close-planted i Id by 1<> ft. apart | 

 Wealthy orchard set out at the Central Experimental Fannin 1896. Theaverage 

 profit per year per acre from this orchard from 1896 to 1904 has been 154.13, while 

 the average profit per year per aire since the trees have been bearing well, from 

 1699 to 1904, has been $10(3.19. This system of dose planting is not recommended 

 lor genera] adoption, but is believed worthy of trial by specialists. The 2 varieties 

 Wealthy and Wagener are believed \<> he the most suitable for this close planting on 

 account of their early bearing habits. 



Experimental shipments of apples from this station t<> points in Ireland and Scot- 

 land were made in 1904. All the shipments were made in bushel boxes and all 

 graded XXX. Some of the fruit was sent in cold storage, hut tin' most of it was 



