140 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



not. The fruit was placed in the boxeS in regular rows and tiers, with a sheet of 

 cardboard above and below ami a very little excelsior between the cardboard and the 

 sides of the box. Apples were shipped as a rule when well colored but still hard. 

 The varieties were Duchess, Charlamoff, Antonovka, Anis, Dudley, Winter Stripe, 

 McMahon White, Wealthy, and Patten Greening. The varieties Charlamoff, Anis, 

 and Winter Stripe in some shipments were wrapped in tissue paper. 



In every instance the apples arrived at their destination in good condition, but 

 owing to the unusual abundance of apples in both Ireland and England the results 

 were not as profitable as heretofore. The apples shipped to P>elfast, the agent stated, 

 were not good enough for dessert purposes, and hence brought a low price, scarcely 

 sufficient to pay the freight. That market, also, preferred apples in barrels instead of 

 in boxes. Wealthy apples shipped to Dublin sold from 84 cts. to SI. 08 per box. The 

 shipment of Patten Greening and Wealthy to Glasgow brought about 68 cts. a box 

 net. 



The severe winter killed most varieties of European and Japanese plums at the 

 station down to the snow line. Two seedlings, however, of the Red June plum 

 originated at the experimental farm proved hardy in flower and bud and have been 

 given the names of Togo and Oyama. Three American seedlings originated at the 

 Central Experimental Farm have been named Gloria, Swift, and Fitzroy. All of 

 these varieties are described, as well as some of the newer Americana varieties. 



Horse beans have proved a very satisfactory cover crop in the orchards. These 

 beans stand up during the winter and hold the snow well and in the spring are 

 easily broken up by a disk harrow. It is believed that English horse beans and rape 

 grown together will prove an ideal cover crop for that region. The beans furnish 

 nitrogen and humus and hold the snow well, while the rape will cover the ground 

 and thus protect the roots. 



One of the disadvantages of hairy vetch, otherwise •..' excellent cover crop, is the 

 difficult}' of plowing under where it lives over the winter. The crop lived over the 

 wi nter at the Central Experimental Farm and the plan was tried of cutting it and 

 letting it lie on the ground as mulch in the same way as red clover is sometimes 

 used. The vetch, however, was killed by the first cutting. 



Further experiments were made during the summer in growing vegetables in a 

 cheese-cloth inclosure. Radishes and cauliflowers grown inside the inclosure were 

 again free of maggots except where the plants had been affected in the hotbed before 

 setting out in the inclosure. Both these vegetables developed satisfactorily, in the 

 inclosure. The radishes were 2 days later than those grown outside, but remained 

 tit for use nearly a week longer inside than outside. Outside the inclosure the cauli- 

 flower was practically a failure, while inside the crop was quite satisfactory. 



Lettuce was ready for use 2 days earlier inside the inclosure than outside. Beans 

 were ready for use 1 to 2 days later inside than outside the inclosure. The yield 

 inside the inclosure was 58 qts. and outside 53 qts. on like areas of ground. There 

 was no apparent difference between onions grown outside and inside. The same 

 cheese-cloth cover which was used in 1903 was again used in 1904 but tore consider- 

 ably and gave trouble. The life of a cheese-cloth tent, therefore, will not exceed 2 

 years. The cost was 5 cts. per yard. 



Nolte Earliest tomato yielded heavier than Spark Earliana, but it is not quite so 

 smooth. Spark Earliana has proved one of the earliest ripening and most satisfac- 

 tory varieties grown at the station for 5 years. A method of pruning tomatoes tried 

 during the year has been previously noted from another source (E. S. R., 17, p. 36), 



At the Nova Scotia station crimson clover has proved one of the best cover crops 

 for use in orchards. It is sown at the rate of 20 lbs. per acre. An increase of 44 bu. 

 of green peas per acre was secured by the use of 500 lbs. of a complete commercial 

 fertilizer at a net profit of $5.70 per acre. The Australian Brown onion is considered 

 the best variety fur the average grower. 



