146 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



were then headed and kept in a room for a week, until they attained a uniform tem- 

 perature of 64° F. They were then transferred to a room in the warehouse which 

 was kept at a temperature of 32 to 34°. The packages were an ordinary large apple 

 barrel, a bushel box 10 by 1 1 by 20 in. with close joints practically air-tight, a Georgia 

 peach carrier 10 by 11 by 20 in. with open spaces at sides and the fruit then packed 

 in (> baskets with air spaces between the baskets, and a half-bushel box 5 by 11 by 20 

 in. with open spaces at sides, bottom, and top. 



Within 9^ hours after the packages had been placed in the cold-storage house the 

 half-bushel crate registered 40°. The Georgia crate with open sides and open pack- 

 ing had cooled to 43° within the same time. Within 22 hours the half-bushel had 

 cooled to 35°, the Georgia crate to 35°, the bushel to 39°, and the box to 47°. It 

 was 2 days after the commencement of the observation before the barrel had reached 

 a temperature of 38°. 



Asa result of this investigation, the author states that winter apples and winter 

 pears, so far as temperature and ripening are concerned, may he packed in barrels. 

 For summer and early apples the bushel box should be used. For early and quickly 

 ripening {tears the bushel box is too large unless in the form of the Georgia carrier 

 with open sides. The half-bushel box is recommended. All tender fruits should he 

 quickly cooled after picking. 



Some uses of the grapevine and its fruit, <i. C. Husmann (U.S. Bept. Agr, 

 Yearbook 1904, PP- 363-380, ph. 6, figs. 5). — This is a popular account of the grape 

 industry with reference to the use of the fruit for food, wine, raisins, unfermented 

 grape juice, brandy, vinegar, preserves, tartaric acid, oil, etc., and of the vine for 

 ornamental purp< >ses. 



The average annual production of wine in the United States during the past 10 

 years has been 25,500,000 gal. and of raisins 89,500,000 lbs. The average annual 

 shipment of California-grown grapes to States farther east is placed at 25,156,000 lbs. 

 About 50 per cent of the grape crop in California is made into wine, 35 per cent into 

 raisins, and 15 per cent shipped as fresh grapes. 



California is the State of largest production, having over 90,000,000 vines. New 

 York stands second with a little over 29,000,000, and Ohio third with nearly 

 14,000,000 vines. New York State leads in the production of grapes of American 

 varieties, since practically the whole of the California output is of European soils. 

 In the Chautauqua grape district of New York more unfermented grape juice is pro- 

 duced than in all the rest of the country combined, the product in 1904 reaching 

 605,000 gal. New York leads all the States in the production of sparkling wine. 



Methods of making red and white wines are discussed, and methods of manufac- 

 ture of the various by-products mentioned above briefly noted, including a number 

 of household recipes for canning grapes, making grape pickles, jelly, spiced grapes, 

 marmalade, grape butter, junket, etc. 



Grapes cultivated in tropical countries, ( >. Labroy (Jour. Agr. Trap.. 5 (1905), 

 No. 46, pp- 101-106). — Anaccountof varietiesof grapes which succeed best in several 

 different tropical countries. 



A chemical study of the tea industry in South Carolina, I, F. S. Shiver 

 (South Carolina Sta. Bui. 96, pp. 32, figs. 6). — In this bulletin a historical review is 

 given of tea culture with statistics as regards production and consumption. The 

 botanical characteristics of tea are considered, together with the soil and climate 

 best suited for tea culture and methods of cultivation. 



From the statistics given it appears that about 89,160,411 lbs. of tea, valued at 

 $12,720,310, are imported each year. Ninety-two per cent of the tea imported is 

 furnished by China and Japan. Analyses are given of the soils at Pinehurst, S. C, 

 where about 100 acres are now planted to tea, and of the rice soils on Cooper River, 

 S. C, where it is proposed to establish a tea plantation. 



