FORESTRY . 1 ;, ] 



boxes. It is also largely used for moldings, wagon boxes, etc., but is not durable 

 < nough for flooring. 



" Like red gum, tupelo is easily glued, painted or varnished, and absorbs little of 

 the material. In this respect it is better than yellow poplar an. I much better than 

 cottonwood." Detailed directions are given for the management of gum forests in 

 the South, and a map given showing the distribution of red gum. 



The mechanical properties of red gum wood, \V. K. Hati II S. Dept. Agr., 

 Bur. Forestry Bui. f>8, pp. 5, {0 56, Jigs. 1 ). Tests to determine the Btrength of red 

 gum timber were made at the timber-testing station of the Bureau of Forestry at 

 Purdue University, the results of which are given in detail in tables and discussed. 



The tables show the comparative strength of green w I of red gum and loblolly 



pine, of gum from Alabama and Missouri, of heartwood and sapwood, etc. 



As a stock for carriages, the tests sho^ thai red gum can be bent into shape with- 

 out difficulty, that it will take a line finish, and when properly selected will hold its 

 shape after being Lent. The best grades of red gum, however, appear to he inferior 

 in strength to even the poorer grades of wood, such as hickory. Its use. therefore, 



BS carriage stock should he , -online,! to those parts of the vehicles that <lo Dot have 



to Btand heavy loads and -hocks. 



The average weight of the green wood from Alabama was 49.2 lbs. per cubic foot, 

 the maximum being (id lbs. ami the minimum 38.8 lbs. With 15 per rent of mois- 

 ture the weight is about 32.4 lbs. per cubic foot and this may he taken as the weight 

 of the wood when thoroughly air dried. The article includes an illustrated account. 

 by II. I>. Tiemann, of the microscopic structure of red gum wood. 



A new species of juniper for Texas, (i. B. Sudworth [Forestry and Trrig., n 

 >), - v ". 5, pp. 203-206, figs. 7 >. — A new species of juniper has been discovered in 

 Texas. The tree is hi to 20 ft. high and has numerous stems 3 to :> in. in diameter, 

 which form a more or less dense clump. It has been named Juniperus pinchoti. 



The wood has distinct narrow rings. The sapwood is nearly white and the heart- 

 wood light brown with a pale reddish tinge. It is only moderately durable in con- 

 tact with the soil. One of its valuable characteristics is its persistent sprouting after 

 fores. The w 1 is used locally for fuel and fence posts. 



Attitude of lumbermen toward forest fires, E. A. Sterling U. S. Dept. Agr. 

 Yearbook 1904, />]>■ 138-140, pis. 3). —Some estimates are given on losses from tire and 

 conditions which affect them, with some suggestions in regard to the control of tires. 



The average annual loss from forest fires is stated to he about 125,000,000. In the 

 Washington and Oregon tires of 1902 there was a loss of 112,000,000 worth of forest 

 property in 9 days. In New V.-rk State in the spring of 1903 the direct loss fro,,, 



tire- in the Adirondacks was $3,500, I in addition to a known expense for tire 



fighting of $175,000. 



While tin-,. i,,sses are large, there are certain secondary losses of equal importance 

 which are not generally considered by the public. These are the effect of tires on 

 forest reproduction and water conservation. The greatest losses from lire occur od 

 the Pacific Coast and the least in the southern hard woods. 



Investigations by the Bureau of Forestry in one instance showed that in a turpen- 

 tine orchard of Florida Ion-leaf pine, which had been abandoned for :. years. :;:; per 

 cent of the trees above 1 in. in diameter were dead or down, mainly as a result of 

 inc. Practically all the boxed trees were burned, while of the unboxed trees si' per 

 cent were standing and sound. The "Ion- butting" necessitated by the hum- in the 

 base logs of one firm operating in the Sierra forests amounted to T.~> per cent of the 

 total cut, which was a direct loss. 



The general attitude of lumbermen toward forest tin- is stated to be one of hopeless- 

 ness, coupled in a measure with indifference. Forest fires are regarded as inevitable, 

 and heretofore organized effort to prevent and control fires has not been practicable 

 from a financial standpoint. 



