180 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



milk was bottled, cooled, and shipped by railroad to the laboratory where bacterio- 

 logical examinations were made after intervals averaging 39 hours. The number of 

 bacteria found in the different samples ranged from 8 to 356 and averaged 102. 



The results were essentially the same whether the milk was from 1 cow or was the 

 mixed milk of several cows. The samples remained sweet at least 10 days, more 

 often 17 to 20 days, and occasionally 2 to 3 months at a temperature of 13 to 15° C. 

 Lactic-acid bacteria developed over the peptonizing forms and finally produced coag- 

 ulation of the milk. It is believed that as good results may be obtained in the future 

 in ordinary practice. 



The milking- machine, P. H. Suter (Jour. Dept. Agr. So. Aust., 8 (1905), No. 11, 

 pp. 658-661, Jigs. 3). — A favorable report is made upon the Lawrence-Kennedy milk- 

 ing machine, which it is stated is becoming quite extensively used in Australia. 

 The advantages and disadvantages of the machine are briefly discussed. Its use is 

 not considered profitable with herds of less than 30 cows. 



Effect of the heat of cows on the composition of milk, G. Fascetti (Rev. Gen. 

 Lait, 4 (1905), No. 17, pp. 385-388). — On the basis of observations made with 2 cows 

 the author concludes that during estrum the yield of milk is slightly decreased while 

 the percentages of fat, total solids, and proteids show a tendency to increase. The 

 variations from the normal were not very marked. 



Influence of food on the quality of milk, C. Quillard (Rev. Soc. Sci. Hyg. Ali- 

 ment., 2 (1905), No. 1, pp. 112, 113). — The author discusses briefly the unsuitability 

 of certain feeding stuffs for cows which are used in the production of milk for infants, 

 and concludes from the results of his studies that sugar-beet pulp except when dried 

 has injurious effects. 



Observations on the milk of cows in Jamaica, H. H. Cousins (Bid. Dept. Agr. 

 [Jamaica], 3 (1905), No. 6, pp. 118-122). — The average composition of the milk of 

 92 Jamaica cows was as follows: Specific gravity 1.028, total solids 13.83 per cent, 

 fat 5.1, solids-not-fat 8.69, and ash 0.70. The highest percentage of fat was 8.7 

 and the low T est 2.9. The Holstein breed is believed to be unsuited to Jamaica con- 

 ditions. Of 14 samples of market milk collected in Kingston 6 were certified as 

 adulterated with water. 



Report on the milk of Jamaica cows, H. S. Hammond (Bui. Dept. Agr. [Ja- 

 maica], 3 (1905), No. 6, pp. 122-127). — This gives the detailed analytical data upon 

 which the above discussion is based. 



Average composition of the milk of sheep in Southern Sardinia, A. Sanna 

 (Staz. Sper. Agr. Jtal, 38 (1905), No. 4, pp- 289-306). — The average composition of 

 55 samples from one locality was as follows: Specific gravity 1.0385, total solids 18.13 

 per cent, fat 7.53, casein 4.65, albumin 1.01, sugar 4.05, and ash 0.89. 



The average composition of 15 samples from different localities analyzed in 1900 

 was as follows: Specific gravity 1.0376, total solids 18.34 per cent, fat 7.29, casein 

 4.60, albumin 1, sugar 4.23, and ash 0.96. The average composition of 62 samples 

 from different localities examined in 1901 was as follows: Specific gravity 1.0381, 

 total solids 17.79 per cent, fat 6.64, casein 4, albumin 1.03, sugar 4.85, and ash 0.91. 



On the nature of the cellular elements in human colostrum and milk, V. 

 Wallich and C. Levaditi (Ann. Insl. Pasteur, 19 (1905), No. 5, pp. 321-334, pi. 1).— 

 The results of morphological studies and inoculation experiments with guinea pigs 

 are reported. 



The cellular elements inhuman milk were found to vary under different condi- 

 tions. When lactation was suddenly terminated mononuclear but more especially 

 polynuclear leucocytes appeared in large numbers. The colostrum corpuscles were 

 believed to have two sources, one epithelial or glandular and one mesodermic. When 

 milk was injected into the peritoneal cavity of a guinea pig cellular elements were 

 later observed which had the appearance of colostrum bodies and which were believed 

 to have arisen from the phagocytes. 



