256 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



European study for foresters, T. S. Woolsey, Jr. (Forestry and Irrig., 11 (1905), 

 No. 6, pp. 160-163). — The desirability and advantages of a few months' study and 

 observation in the forestry schools and state forests of Germany, France, and India 

 are discussed. 



The forest flora of New South Wales, J. H. Maiden (Sydney: Govt., 190-5, pt. 

 16, pp. 125-140, pis. 4, fig- !)■ — Botanical descriptions, with the local names, and an 

 account of the propagation and timber uses of the weeping myall (Acacia pendula), 

 Eucalyptus amygdaMna, forest oak (Casuarina lorulosa), and the ivory wood (Siphono- 

 don austral i |. 



Timber resources of Liberia, E. Lyon (Mo. Consular Rpts. [Z7. S.~\, 1905, No. 

 296, p/>. 135-138). — Attention is called to the opportunities in Liberia for hard-wood 

 lumbering. The principal woods are mahogany, oak, cedar, rosewood, mangrove, 

 burrwood, white and black gum, mulberry, brimstone wood, red peach, pepper 

 wood, persimmon, iron wood, greasy peach, poplar, cherry, hickory, saffron, 

 ebony, etc. 



It appears that there are no efficient sawmills now operating in Liberia, and that 

 most of the imported lumber is not adapted to the climatic conditions or to resist the 

 attacks of destructive insects, which devour an ordinary house built out of foreign 

 pine in less than a year. Locations suitable for sawmills are pointed out, and esti- 

 mates given as to probable cost of installing. 



Planting- red pine (Forestry and Irrig., 11 (1005), No. 5, pp. ,135-238). — The red 

 or Norway pine (Pinus resionosa) is said to be a light-demanding species. It bears 

 less shade than white pine but more than the jack pine. 



In a natural seeding on sandy soil the red pine grew 0.97 ft. per year for the first 

 15 years, while jack pine grew 1.32 ft. For the first 50 years it is stated that the 

 jack pine grows fastest, red pine second, and the white pine last. The white and 

 red pine live from 280 to 310 years, while the jack pine rarely exceeds 90 years. 



The red pine is generally propagated from seed which fall from the cones the same 

 year They mature. The seed appears to be borne at intervals of 2 to 4 years. A 

 pound of red pine seed contains about 40,000 seeds, of which about 80 per cent 

 should germinate under favorable conditions. The seed when planted in drills 

 is sown at the rate of i to ^V oz. per running foot, or from i to A oz. per square foot. 

 When seeded broadcast the average number of seedlings per running foot the first 

 year varies from 16 to 22, and the second year from 8 to 10. 



Seed is sown early in the spring in about the same manner as white pine, but less 

 shade is required. The best stock to plant is 2-year-old seedlings. On poor soil 

 plants may be spaced 5 ft. apart each May, while on richer soil it is best to make the 

 spaces wider. A number of examples are given showing the growth of red pine in 

 comparison with white pine in different plantations. 



An instance is cited in which red pine seeds were accidentally planted with jack 

 pine seed in Nebraska. The following winter all the jack pine seedlings were winter- 

 killed, while some 40 or 50 plants of the red pine came through the winter without 

 injury, making a good growth the following summer. 



Pitch pine in Pike County, Pennsylvania, J. Bextley, Jr. {Forestry Quart., 3 

 (1905), No. 1, pp. 1-17, pi. 1). — This is an account of a study of the life history and 

 growth of the pitch pine near Milford, Pa., by H. S. Graves, assisted by members of 

 the junior class of the Yale Forestry School during the summer of 1904. 



This region is 1,000 to 1,400 ft. above the sea. The various factors studied were 

 local distribution, form and development, sylvicultural characteristics, reproduction, 

 and growth in volume, diameter, etc. The 2 prominent characteristics which largely 

 determine its distribution are (1) its extreme intolerance of shade and (2) its ability 

 to withstand adverse conditions, such as poor soil, exposure to wind, fire, etc. Obser- 

 vations on the height growth for trees 1 to 10 years old showed an average increase 



