V ET E B I N A B V MEDICI N E . 2 ' I ! I 



An elaborate discussion La presented of the biology of actinomyces. As a resull of 

 |he author's study it was found thai actinomyces grows well only in agar and bouillon 

 cultures and in the incubator. It is essentially anaerobic and does qoI form spores. 

 In cultures the colonies are smaller in character than those \\ hich are obtained from 

 Ejtinomycosis. The author concludes thai there is bu1 one species of actinomyces, 

 Eioe Q0 essential difference was found between differenl races of the organism 

 Obtained from human and bovine Bources. 



Increasing the virulence of human tubercle bacillus up to that of the 

 bovine form, D. A. de Jong (Centbl. Bakt. {etc.'], t. Abt. t Orig., 88 (1905), Nos. ?, 

 hp. 146-168; •>'./</'• 954-264,figs. /•">• -Some of the recenl literature relating to this 

 lubjecl is critically discussed. 



The author carried on a number of experiments for the purpose of determining 

 whether it was possible to increase the virulence of human tubercle bacillus so as to 

 [qual that of the bovine form. During the experiments reported in the article il 

 bas found that the degree of virulence ordinarily possessed by the bovine tubercle 

 bacillus was reached by the lnnnan tubercle bacillus after passage through 2 goats, I 

 calf, and 2 guinea pigs. 



At the end of this period, the race of bacilli, which at the beginning was of com- 



baratively low virulence had bee e exceedingly virulent, and was capable of destroy- 



bg laboratory animals with generalized tuberculosis as quickly as the mos1 virulenl 

 cultures obtained directly from cattle. 



Experimental transmission of tuberculosis from man to cattle, A. Eber 

 [Ztschr. meisch >'. Milchhyg., U (1905), No. 7, pp. 19S-204,pl- /).— In the experiments 

 reported in this paper, the author made use of tuberculous material obtained from 5 

 children which showed tuberculous alterations in the alimentary tract and mesenteric 



Bands. 



For the purpose of comparing the virulence of this material with bovine tubercle 

 bacilli, virus was taken from 4 cattle which after slaughter showed evidence of infec- 

 tion with pearl disease. Detailed notes are given on the inoculation experiments 

 carried out with this material. The tuberculous material obtained from children 

 ■ras inoculated into calves 8 to 12 weeks old either directly or after a preliminary 

 passage through guinea pigs. 



As a result of these experiments it was found that the virus t litis employed was 

 very virulent for 2 calves, moderately virulent for 2 other calves, and slightly viru- 

 lent for the other :;. The virus obtained from cattle *vas inoculated into 5 young 

 cattle from 12 weeks to 2 years old. This material proved very virulenl for 1 animal, 

 moderately virulenl for 2. and only slightly virulent for the other 2. The author 

 interpret the results of his experiments as indicating that a difference between 

 human and bovine tubercle bacilli can not be successfully maintained. 



The pathogenesis of tuberculosis, II. Vallee (Compt. li>n<J. Soc. BioL [Paris'], 

 )S8(1905), No. 18, pp. 568, 569).— In the experiments reported in this paper 4 calves 

 were allowed u> -uck a CO* affected with tuberculous manmiitis at 2 times at inter- 

 vals of 48 hours. The quantity of milk taken at each time by each calf was about 150 

 |m. Subsequently the calves obtained all their nourishment from healthy cows or 

 from sterilized milk. 



At the end of :» week- they were tested and all reacted to tuberculin. Three of 

 the calves on post-mortem examination showed pronounced affection of the mesen- 

 teric glands With tuberculosis. In nO case was the spleen or liver affected. This 

 BXperimenl is interpreted as indicating that calves may become readily infected with 

 tuberculosis through tin- alimentary tract. 



The frequency of tuberculous affection of the lymphatic glands of the 

 muscles in food animals, Strob (Ztschr. Fleisch u. Milchhyg., /•< | 1905), No. 5, />/>. 

 I.i7-14l).— The author's observations were confined largely t<> the lymphatic glands 

 of the musculature, in a restricted sense including the prescapular, axillary, knee fold, 



