BUBAL ENGINEERING. 299 



The bacillus of the disease multiplies with such great rapidity thai death results 

 within a >\\<<\\ time unless the growth of the bacteria is checked, [n the author's 

 experiments rabbits were used for producing an exudate which was later used in 

 vaccination. It was found that uhm the bacilli of fowl cholera in bouillon cultures 

 were inoculated into the pleural cavity of rabbits, death took place within 5 to 8 

 hours. The quantity of exudate produced In the pleural cavity varies greatly in the 

 different case- but, as a rule, is greatesi when small quantities of bacteria an 



lor inoculation. 



In one rabbit, which received 1 drop of a bouillon culture. 27 cc. of exudate was 

 produced in the thoracic cavity. The great rapidity of multiplication of bacteria is 

 apparent from the fact that death may resull inside of 5 hours. The exudate pro- 

 duced in the manner just described in rabbits was round to he exceedingly virulent 

 for experimental animals. The exudate was sterilized and used in vaccination 

 experiments with rabbits, chickens, and pigeons. It was found possible to immunize 

 all these animal- againsl the most virulent cultures of fowl cholera bacilli. Even 

 pigeons, which are normally very susceptible to this organism, were immunized by 

 :: injections of sterilized exudate from rabbits. 



Immunization of rabbits against fowl cholera, .1. ( '. Delfino Centbl. Bdkt. 

 [./c], I. Abt., Orig., 38 (1905), No. .', \>i>. 931, 932).— In the author's experiments 

 Ligniere's vaccine was used. 



The protective treatment included 2 inoculations with an interval of LO days. 

 Within 10 days after the second inoculation the animal appeared to be perfectly 

 immune. The author concludes that Ligniere's method of vaccination againsl septi- 

 cemia of birds in rabbits produces a permanent immunity which is capable o 

 ing enormous quantities of virulent cultures. 



RURAL ENGINEERING. 



Irrigation investigations on the North Platte River in 1904, B. P. Flem- 

 ing | Wyoming Sta. Bui. 66, pp. 24, figs. 4). — These investigations included measure- 

 ments of the duty of water and on the loss fr canals by Beepage in the Mitchell 



district on the North Platte near the Wyoming-Nebraska line. 



•• \- measured at the headgate, the amount of water used on a sandy soil contain- 

 ing gypsum is about 5.2 acre-feet per acre, when the acreage actually watered is con- 

 sidered and not the acreage assessed. For an open, sandy soil the amount used is 

 much greater, being about 11.9 acre-feet per acre. These figures are from canals 

 irrigating lands upon which alfalfa is the crop most generally grown. 



•A- measured on an individual farm, alfalfa requires about 4.5 acre-feel per acre 

 and native hay about 3, the land upon which both were grown having considerable, 

 though not excessive, slope and consi>tin.L r largely of sand and urypsmn. 



"• For a canal with one or more canals above it the <_ r ain in now, due to seepage 

 from the canals above, may exceed considerably the loss from itself. Fora high- 

 line canal, in which the alignment is good, gullies are crossed by one hank on the 

 lower side, and the soil sandy, with gypsum, the average loss to he expected may he 

 about l.i' per cent of the flow per mile, or o. lo cubic foot per second per 10,000 square 



feet of wetted perimeter." 



Memoranda of plans for irrigation investigations | Utah Sta. Circ. i />/>■ 91, 

 fgs. : |. — This circular contains detailed instructions and regulations for the guidance, 

 during the whole growing season, of all connected with the cooperative in 

 tions to be carried on in Utah during 1905. These include plat and pot experiments 

 relative to the effects upon various crops of different total depths of water applied in 

 irrigation, different times of irrigation, and different systems of cultivation. 



