\MM \l. PRODUCTION. 



only than where it is supplemented with '»il meal and gluten meal, thua rendering 

 it more efficienl for beef production." 



Influence of rations upon the hydration of body tissues in cattle. 

 ami P. Andoi \.rd (Compt. Rend. Sue. Biol. [Paris], 58 (1905), No. 17, pp. 

 Rations rich in carbohydrates (molasses) and nitrogenous rations were found to pro 

 .luce marked differences in water content of the tissues. The bearing of Buch facte 

 on the study of animal nutrition is discussed. The author- intend to continue their 

 i >bser\ at ions along this line. 



Raising" calves on separator milk, II. T. French i Idaho Sta. Bui. 18, pp. I7,fign. 

 5). The author studied the feeding value of skim milk with 5 scrub calves, dropped 

 from February 25 to April 8, 1902. 



The calves were separated from their dams within 48 hour- after birth, and were 

 given 2 feeds of whole milk daily for 5 to 7 days. At the end of that time warmed 



separator skim milk was gradually substituted for the whole milk. Fr the start 



whole oats were fed with the skim milk, the amount at first being nol more than a 

 tables] nful, which was placed in a !><>x in. front of the calf after it had taken the 



milk. The animals readily learned to eat the oats, ami at the end of 3 or \ week-. 



according to the author, ate aboul a pint a day. 



When on full ration the calves ate no1 far from a gallon of skim milk at a fee. 1. and 

 the author caution- against feeding too large amounts. The cake- were fed in stan- 

 chions, and learned to drink the milk readily. After they had eaten they were 

 turned into a DOX stall and had access to a good quality of hay and to fresh water. 

 When the calves were 4 to 6 months old the skim-milk ration was graduall} with- 

 drawn and the oal feeding continued. Early in May they woe turned on pasture. 

 In the fall they were placed in stalls and given a ration of hay and carrots. 



From the beginning of the experiment until February 9, 150 days, the average 

 daily gain was l .59 lbs. per calf, and the cost of ii-i'<\ per pound of gain, nol including 

 pasturage, 2.13 cte. At the dose of this period the feeding tesl was continued foi a 

 year, the ration during the winter consisting of corn silage, hay, and carrots, and 

 during the summer of pasturage, supplemented during a part of the time by clover, 

 mixed rye. and vetch, and alfalfa as soiling crops. During the fall and early winter- 

 oats were added to the ration, and green corn, and later carrots. When L' years of 

 age the calves were slaughtered, the average weight being 1,013 lbs. 



Considering the test as a whole, the average daily gain from birth was L.46 lbs. 

 During the summer when Hies were very troublesome it was found desirable to pas- 

 ture the calves at uight and keep them under cover during the day. From 6 to 12 

 months is considered the critical age for calves fed skim milk. The animals "develop 

 a stomach out of proportion to the rest of their body, and their coat i- not quite as 

 smooth a- it i- when calves run with their dams. However, the calve- have learned 

 how to eat and digest coarse feed in larger quantities than calves reared on whole 

 milk. The digestive organs are better developed for practical feeding, from this 

 period on to maturity, than in calve- fed whole milk." 



The deductions which the author drew from the test follow : "It i- possible to raise 



calves profitably on separator milk by substituting whole oats in place of the butter 



fat which has been removed. . . . We have found that an oat with a thin hull 

 i< best. . . . Calves fed in this way will do better on coarse \n-t\ alone than 



those raised on whole milk. Early maturity is not hindered by this method of feed- 



fig. The value of butter fat saved was more than 4 times the value of the oats con- 



sumed. There was sis profit per head over and above cost ..f feed. The Bteers 

 were Bold as 'baby beet" at an average age of twenty-two and one-half months. The 

 iteers made an average '_ r ain of •_» lbs. per day during a portion of the time i 128 days 

 on coarse feed alone." 



Soy beans, middlings, and tankage as supplemental feeds in pork produc- 

 tion, .1. II. Skinner | Indiana sta. Bui. 108) />/>. 15-8t,fig%. f). — Believing that com 



