ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 17.~> 



vines, although in some rare cases the) have been killed in a - i 1 1 ^r 1 < • season. The 

 growth of vines affected with the root rot resembles that of vines affected with phyll- 

 oxera, but in the rapid form of the disease there is no gradual wasting away. The 

 foliage of the vines becomes chlorotic and, if the weather is unfavorable, the leaves 

 rapidly dry up and fall off. 



\~ booii as the disease appears in the vineyard, all badly affected vines should be 

 removed, and the vines surrounding t hem tn -air. I with a 3 per cent solution of cop- 

 per sulphate or a 7 per cenl solution of iron sulphate. This maj be done bj ■ i i _r _r i 1 1 •_' 

 a small basin about the trunk of the vines and pouring into ita gallon or more ol 

 either solution. Vineyards once affected with this disease are, unless thoroughly 

 drained, always subjecl to it. Therefore it is essential thai portions of vineyards 

 which are replenished should be treated everj 2 or 3 years by one of the methods 

 above described. The rool t'"t is said to attack many varieties, but some seem to be 

 less subjecl to this rot than others, and such should be employed as stock for grafting. 



Fung-us diseases of cacao, L. Lewton-Brain I West Indian Bid., 6 (1905), No. I. 

 )>/>. 85-94). — Descriptions arc given of canker of cacao due to Nectrid Bp., die hack 

 caused by Diplodia cacaoicola, the brown rot of the pods due to the same fungus, 

 and the ripe rot caused by Phytophtfiora omnivora. 



The thread blight, caused by an undetermined fungus, is described at consider- 

 able length. This disease is said to be very characteristic, the fungus appearing as 

 dark-brown threads or strands, closely appressed to the hark. When young the 

 threads are thin and white, but they become dark after having attained a good 

 attachment to the hark. The fungus spreads by means of its mycelium and can be 

 kept in check only by thorough ami constant pruning, to which the author n tu- 

 rn ends the additional treatment of spraying with a lime-sulphur wash. 



A disease of conifers (Jour. Bd. Agr. [London], 12 (1905), No. 8, pp. t77-179, 

 fig. 1). — The occurrence on spruce seedlings of the fungus Herpotrichia nigra is 

 reported. 



The fungus had attacked the leaves causing their destruction, but instead of falling 

 from the dead plants they were bound together by mycelium and remained as a 

 compact brown mass about the branches upon which they had grown. This para- 

 Bite is said to be most prevalent in nurseries at rather high elevations, and has been 

 reported as attacking spruce, mountain pine, juniper, etc. Its occurrence has heen 



noted in < rermany and Norway for some time, but it has only heen recently observed 

 in Great Britain. On account of the serious nature of the attack, all diseased seed- 

 lings should be collected and burned as soon as observed. 



Larch canker (Jour. Bd. Agr. [London], 1 .' (1905), No. 5, pp. 807-810, fig* 

 A description is given of a wound parasite (Dasyscypka calycina) which attacks the 

 European larch to an injurious extent. The canker seem.- to be especially associated 

 with the larch aphis (Chermes laricis), and to prevent injury by the aphis it is 

 recommended that seedlings and young trees should be sprayed with a kerosene 

 emulsion. As a rule, trees under 10 years of age attacked by canker are either killed 

 outright or their grpwth is badly stunted, and all precautions should be taken 

 against frost injuries, improper situation in planting, insect punctures, etc. 



Spraying machines, YV. E. Beab (Jour. Bd. Agr. [London], 12(1905), No. /, 

 pp. 8-18, figs. 10). — Descriptions are given of a number of forms of hand and power 

 spraying apparatus. The comparative merits and efficiency of the different classes 

 of machines are shown. 



ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 



Zoological yearbook, 1904, P. Mayeb | Zool. Jahresber., 1905, pp. VIII 

 As in former animal reports of this author, brief abstracts are given of the more 

 important investigations published during the year on the different groups of the 



