VETERINAB1 MEDICINE. 50] 



Immunity reactions within generic groups, L. /mink (Ztechr. Hyg. u. Tnfec- 

 tionskrank., 49 \ 90 Vo. 8, pp. 44"* The author conducted an extended si 



of experiments for the purpose of determining, so far as possible, the relationship 

 between bacteria by means of the phei lena of immunitj 



Asa result of this study the conclusion is reached thai ;i more natural Bystem ol 

 classification of bacteria is necessary. It is believed that the number of species al 

 present recognized is altogether too great, and that the generic groups recognized h\ 

 most authors do nol properly indicate the relationship between d iff erenl bacteria. 

 The suggestion is made thai a better system of classification may be devised "ii the 

 basis "t' the etiological connection of bacteria with animal ami human disea 



It has been shown that there are several diseases \\ hich maj be produced by bac- 

 teria belonging to different species but to the same genus. All immunity reactions 

 known at presenl take place within generic groups rather than that of the species. 

 Among the differenl pathogenic bacteria belonging to a Bingle generic group there 

 are often species which produce similar diseases in the differenl animal.-, hut are of 

 quite different virulence. This fact makes it possible to devise a rational and suc- 

 cessful system of treatment, according to which scrum therapy may be utilized as 

 based on the act ion of species of bacteria which are harmless for the animal in question 

 ami closely related to other species \\ hich produce serious 'Ii-' 



Active and passive immunization of new-born and sucking animals 

 through the medium of the intestines, E. Bertarelli {Centbl. Bakt. [etc.], 1. 

 AbL, Orig., 89 I 1905), X". •-', pp. 285-803) . — The literature relating to this subjeel is 

 critically discussed. 



During the author's studies, which were carried on chiefly with dogs and rabbits, 

 age was found to he a very important factor in the successful immunization through 

 the alimentary tract. It appears not to be a matter of indifference whether the ani- 

 mals are '1 Or 20 days old. The processes which are possible at the former age may 



not he possihje at the latter. Detailed accounts are presented of the numerous 

 experiments carried out by the author. It appeal's that the hemolytic complement 

 is not formed iu dogs and rabbits until about the fourth or fifth day. The power of 

 forming this body under the influence of bacteria in the intestine- undergoes no 

 Btriking change after the age of L5 to 20 days is reached. 



In all experiments carried out by the author, passive immunization through the 

 alimentary tract was accomplished with considerable difficulty, although absorption 

 of the agglutinins took place quite readily in new-born animals. Nevertheless it 

 appears that the absorption of protective bodies is much more active in young than 



iii grown animal.-, ami the author believes it possible to bring aboul a passive 

 immunization of young animal.- by feeding on milk of actively immune animals. 



Recent work on the bacteria of the group of tubercle bacilli, Kutscher 

 i Berlin. Klin. Wchnschr., '/ .' [1905), No. 9, pp. 288-24%)- A brief review is pre- 

 sented of the rec. 'nt work of von Behring, Romer, Koch, Friedmann, and others in 

 determining the relationship between tubercle bacilli of different origin and in devis- 

 ing systems for vaccination against this disease. 



Tuberculosis, Lottermoseh (Ztschr. Veterinark., 11 (1905), No. 8, pp. 109, 110). 

 The author presents a brief account of a case of tuberculosis in a 4-year-old cow in 

 which the lungs, Liver, mesentery, and serous membranes were affected together 



with the right eye. A second case of tuherciilosis reported by the author was found 



in the fetus of a cow which was affected with tuberculosis of the bones and other 

 organs. 



Primary tuberculosis of the mammary gland, <i. D'Alessandro (Oin.Vet. 

 [ Milan'], ?8 (1905), No. 8, pp. 87 }i\. A general discussion of the mammary form of 

 tuberculosis is presented, with notes on a case in a cow which was observed by the 

 author. In this case the pathological lesions were confined t<> the udder and appar- 

 ently were of a primary nature. 



