516 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



H. E. Summers stated that San Jose scale does not live over the winter in most parts 

 of Iowa. It appears useless, therefore, to require the fumigation of stock from 

 localities where the scale is not known. 



During the discussion of fumigation it was pointed out that a general opinion 

 prevails among nurserymen and orchardists that fumigation injures trees. Much 

 evidence was presented on this point, the general belief of the inspectors present 

 being against this idea. As a result of the discussion, a resolution was adopted 

 requiring fumigation before nursery stock is set out. Opinion was against the 

 requirement of a State license fee from nurserymen, and a resolution to that effect 

 was adopted. 



In certain States outside nurserymen are required to present with their stock tags 

 issued by the inspector of the State to which it is sent. Regarding the desirability 

 of this, some of the inspectors urged that certificates serve every purpose which tags 

 can, while others had found the tag system the only method by which the inspector 

 can keep account of nursery stock sent in from outside sources. 



The representatives of the National Nurserymen's Association stated that nursery- 

 men do not object to the severity of present inspection requirements and would not 

 make any opposition if such requirements should, in the future, become even more 

 severe. They do, however, want a uniform system of tags, or, if this is impossible, 

 the complete abolition of the tag system. It was argued by the nurserymen that 

 the present system of different styles of tags and different requirements in different 

 States is a source of great annoyance and delay. The present plan is too compli- 

 cated, and some nurserymen are unable to understand exactly what is required of 

 them in shipping stock into certain States. 



As a result of this discussion it was decided to appoint a committee of three to 

 devise a suitable tag which will be recognized by all States requiring tags, the tag to 

 convey the assurance that the nursery stock had been fumigated. 



In order to secure a uniform certificate which would be adapted to both nursery- 

 men and dealers, a form of certificate was adopted certifying inspection of nursery 

 stock "for sale by " the individual who applies for the certificate. 



As a result of the discussion of the present condition of nurseries in different States, 

 the methods adopted for freeing them from infestation, and the success of such 

 methods, it appeared that in this respect quite different conditions prevail in the 

 various States. In some States the percentage of infested nurseries and the extent 

 of infestation have increased, despite all the efforts to the contrary; while in others 

 a number of previously infested nurseries have become entirely clean as the result of 

 more or less stringent insecticide methods. 



A quite uniform system of procedure is in vogue among the inspectors of the 

 various States represented at the meetings. Infested stock in the nursery rows is 

 destroyed, and all stock from such nurseries is required to be fumigated before being 

 shipped. Usually a second inspection is made, and sometimes subsequent inspec- 

 tions, in order to determine whether other infested stock is present in the nursery 

 or not. To facilitate and make effective the work of the tag committee, it was 

 resolved that the condition of all nurseries which wish to do interstate business 

 should be made known to the committee. 



Another topic discussed during the meeting concerned recent additions to the 

 knowledge of insecticide measures against the San Jose scale. J. B. Smith stated 

 that he still adheres to petroleum as the best remedy for destroying the San Jose 

 scale on apple trees. A special study has been made of soluble oils, or rather oils 

 which are readily miscible with water. A number of proprietary preparations have 

 been made, some of them at the suggestion of the speaker. In general, these prepa- 

 rations are made by treating an animal or vegetable oil with sulphuric acid and then 

 combining the mixture with petroleum. 



The compound thus produced mixes much more readily with water than untreated 

 oil, and the mixture is much more stable. In some cases, it was stated, that a mixture 



