518 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



both of these insects may ultimately be distributed throughout the United States on 

 nursery stock. The brown-tail moth is spreading with great rapidity. 



Following this discussion a resolution was adopted recommending Federal aid in 

 controlling the gypsy moth. 



Discussing the present state of knowledge regarding crown gall and practical 

 measures to prevent the distribution of nursery stock affected by this disease, C. P. 

 Gillette stated that this is a very serious pest in Colorado, and special precautions 

 are taken to prevent its introduction. The point was made by another speaker that 

 there may be several kinds of crown galls. Crown gall of peach trees appears to 

 differ from that of apple trees and, according to certain investigations, so-called hairy 

 root of the apple may be different from the hard crown gall of apple trees. A reso- 

 lution was passed holding it to be advisable to destroy all trees and plants which 

 show crown gall at the time of digging. 



In a discussion of the woolly aphis problem it appeared that nursery stock infested 

 witli this insect may either be destroyed, fumigated with hydrocyanic-acid gas, or 

 dipped in some other insecticide. 



The officers elected for the coming year were S. A. Forbes, president; J. B. Smith, 

 vice-president, and A. F. Burgess, secretary. 



International Veterinary Congress. — This congress held its eighth session in Buda- 

 pest, September 2-7 last. A variation was made in the programme of former years 

 in that the discussions were not confined so exclusively to veterinary service proper, 

 but to other related lines of veterinary work. There were four sections of the con- 

 gress, namely, veterinary service, biology, pathology, and tropical diseases. 



While several animal diseases were brought to the attention of the congress and 

 claimed some interest from the members, the relation between human and bovine 

 tuberculosis continued to be the chief subject of discussion. The propositions main- 

 tained by the disciples of Koch at this congress were that the two distinct types 

 of tubercle bacillus, the bovine and human, are not capable of modification the 

 one into the other; that spontaneous infection of cattle with the human type of 

 tubercle bacillus does not occur; and that the bovine type of the bacillus rarely 

 occurs in man. 



In opposition to this view de Jong, Preiss, and others held that human tubercle 

 bacilli are identical with those found in mammals but apparently distinct from the 

 avian form. The congress finally adopted resolutions to the effect that bovine 

 tubercle bacilli may infect man, that in man tubercle bacilli are sometimes found 

 which may infect cattle, that avian tuberculosis requires further study in order to 

 determine the identity of the bacillus which causes the disease, and that all precau- 

 tions hitherto recommended should be rigidly maintained in order to prevent the 

 transmission of tuberculosis from animals to man. 



In discussing the method of infection with tuberculosis in domesticated mammals, 

 Lorenz considered that cattle are most concerned in this transmission and that all of 

 the excretions and secretions, especially milk, may be virulent. According to 

 Bongert, Arloing, and Bang, the disease is never transmitted by germinal heredity, 

 and any acquired or inherited tendency toward tuberculosis plays a comparatively 

 unimportant role. 



In regard to the means of controlling traffic in milk and the principles upon which 

 to proceed in this matter, it was resolved by the congress that courses in practical 

 hygiene of milk and milk bacteriology should be introduced into the curriculum of 

 all veterinary schools; that strict attention should be given to securing milk free 

 from tubercle bacilli for the use of children; and that in order to secure this condition 

 it should be required that all milk offered for public sale be absolutely free from dirt. 

 International Congress of Tuberculosis. — The fourth session of this congress was held 

 in Paris, ( >ctober 2-7, 1905, under the patronage of President Loubet. The congress 

 was divided into four sections — medicine, surgery, protection of children, and social 

 hygiene. The discussions were largely concerned with tuberculosis in man. Pro- 



