BORTICULTUBB. 



The external appearance of injured trees al the end of the winter was normal, but 

 upon cutting into the trunk any where above enow line the bark and wood showed 

 marked discoloration which decreased in intensity from the sno\n line up. It was 

 found impossible to tell by the appearance of the wood and bark in the spring whether 



a tree was dead oi not, since s e trees in which both \\ I and bark were discolored 



black and which all believed were dead recovered from the injury and made a good 

 growth during the succeeding two years. The intensity of the discoloration, how- 

 ever, is an index of the degree of injury. 



Peach trees, 1 to 6 years old, were much less injured and recovered much more 

 rapidly than older trees. Badly discolored pear trees, 2 to 5 years old, usually 

 recovered. Generally speaking, older trees were much more Beriously injured than 

 young trees. Orchards located on low sites and in hollows or pockets were injured 

 most and the wind damaged many orchards on exposed western slopes. A lisl i- 

 given of varieties of apples, peaches, pears, cherries, blackberries, quinces, and grapes 

 that were most injured. 



In experiments to determine the best method of pruning injured trees some young 



trees were cut hack below the smyw line. < Hder trees were e (times cul hack to the 



Large limbs or "dehorned," sometimes moderately pruned, or left unpruned. Peach 

 or pear trees, 7 or 8 years old or more, when pruned hack to the main branches, were 

 killed, while the young trees thus treated generally recovered and made a satisfac- 

 tory growth. Both old and young trees moderately pruned hack usually made a 



g 1 recovery and were often thus saved when trees not pruned hack at all died. 



.Many of the trees not treated at all, however, recovered from the winter injury and 

 made a fair crop of fruit in L905. Trees that did not bear a crop of fruit in L904 

 made a much better recovery than those that carried even a light crop. Moderate 

 pruning on the whole gave much more favorable results than no pruning. 



The apples of New York, I, S. A. Beach, X. ( ). Booth, and < >. M. Taylob 

 i New York stat, Sta. Rpt. 1903, pt. 2, pp. XX 409, pis. 129, figs. 10).— A comprehen- 

 sive account of the apples grown in New York, including notes on the botanical 

 classification of apples, the origin and development of apple culture in New York, 

 the adaptation of varieties to particular regions, and a discussion of what a variety 

 is, with technical descriptions of all of the varieties of winter apples grown in New 

 York and an account of their commercial importance. 



The apples described include varieties which are in season with Tompkins King 

 and Hubbardston and all those which ripen later. Under each variety described 

 references to the literature on the variety are first given, its synonyms are then n< ited, 

 followed by an historical account, and then a description of the tree, fruit, season of 

 ripening, uses, etc. 



On account of its completeness this report should prove of unusual value to orchard- 

 ists. It is attractively and substantially bound and the numerous half-tone and col- 

 ored plates serve a distinctly useful purpose in the determination of varieties. 



Fifth report of the Woburn Experimental Fruit Farm, Duke of Bedfobd 

 and S. U. Pickebing ( Woburn Expt. Fruit Farm /!/>(.. 5 I 1905), pp. i.'i. pis. P).— This 

 report deals with the results of experiments with apple trees. The work was begun 

 in ls*)4 and has been carried on continuously since. 



The general plan of the experiments and results secured up to L900 have been 

 previously noted ( 1']. 8. R., L2, p. 749). The injurious effect- of grass on apple I 

 and the probable cause of the same has since been reported upon (E. B. B., L5, p. 

 474), as has also the results of fertilizer experiments i E. 8. B., 16, p. B75 Mosl of 

 the work has been carried on with dwarf tree-, though standards have been used in 

 many instances. 



The size of the leaf and fruit of apple trees has been found to decrease quite uni- 

 formly with the age of the tree up to ten years. The size of the fruit does not 

 appear to be influenced by the size of the crop so long as the crop is not BO excess 



