FORESTRY . 



All the spruces worth cultivating-, .1. I- . Johnston Gard. )iag. [A. )'.], ? 

 (1905)) No. 1, />/'. ?4-86, figs. 8) . This is the second article inaseries of monographs 

 tor the use of experl gardeners, designed to bring our knowledge of the Bubjecl up to 

 date. Ii describes the various species of spruces, distinguishing their uses from a 

 horticultural standpoint A key to distinguish the spruces is included and illustra- 

 tions given of a number of the more important species. 



Productivity of Siberian larch, (ii si: i Cenibl. Gesam. Forstw., 81 1906 . No. 6, 

 />/>. 251, .'■'>.'). — Data on the height and diameter of trees in a Siberian larch foresl 

 established by Peter the Great in Finland. The trees vary in age from 80 to 164 

 years. 



Mallet eucalypt bark better than black wattle, I >. I-.. Nik inn- (Agr. Jour. 

 Capt Good Hope, 26\ 1905), No.6, pp. 784 789). Mallet bark isstated to betheprod- 

 uce of one of the West Australian gums, known botanically as Eucalyptus occidentals. 



In a comparison between mallet bark and black wattle, mallet bark contained 

 :;'.<.:;."> per cent of tannin matter, while black wattle contained but :!">.'. 16 per cent. Tl m ■ 

 ma Hot eucalypt appears to beat home in the southwest of Cape Colony. A table is 

 given showing^the growth of 37 trees 2\ years from seed. The height varies from 2 

 to 1 1 ft. and the average is 6 ft. 6 in. The soil on which these mallet eucalypts are 

 growing is declared to be t« m » poor for most agricultural purposes. 



Analysis of mallet bark (Natal Agr. Jour, and Min. Rec, 8 I 1905), No. 6, pp. 

 578-580). — Analyses with reference to the extract matter, tannin, nontannin, and 

 moisture, are given for salmon gum ( Eucalyptus salmoniphloia) , gimlet < E. salubris), 

 white gum I E. redunca),an6 mallet | E.occidentalis). The mallet appear- to contain 

 much the larger amount of tannin. The tannin of the salmon gum, however, is rela- 

 tively more astringent than in the other barks tested. 



Hedgerow timber, A. ( !. Forbes (Jour. Bd. Agr. [London], 1 .' (1905 . No. 8, pp. 

 129-186). — This article considers hedgerow timber from the standpoints of ornamental 

 gardening, wind-breaks, and as a natural source of wealth in rural districts, and con- 

 tains suggestions on the planting, pruning, and management of hedgerow timbers. 



Forest planting and farm management, G. L. Clothier ( U. S. Dept. Agr., 



Farmers' Bui. 228, pp. //, jigs. 3). — Reprinted with minor changes from the Yearl k 



of the Department of Agriculture for L904 l E. S. R., 17. p. 147). 



New source of rubber (Mo.Consular and Trade Rpte. [U. SI] 1905, No. 298, pp. 186- 

 138). — United States Consul A.yme* reports that the India rubber exported from Para 

 has been traced to 4 main sources: " India rubber proper from the Hevea bramlienew, 

 'caucho' from the Castilloa ela&tiea or a closely allied species — CastUloa ulei, ' mani- 

 coba' from the Manihot glaziovii, and 'mangabeira' from the Hancornia speciosa." 



It appears that much of the rubber known as ''line Para," and which was supposed 

 to be the exclusive product of //. brasiliensis, is really obtained from a tree identified 

 as Sapium aucuparium. This tree has many native names, such as tapun'i, murupita. 

 curupita, etc. A prominent characteristic of the Sapium is its polymorphism. The 

 same tree assumes widely different aspects under varying circumstances, Buch as sun, 

 shade, dry ground, and wet or periodically inundated ground. The rubber from the 

 tapuni tree it is claimed can not be distinguished from pure hevea rubber. 



A rubber obtained from the upper Kingu River and which is known as "borracha 

 fraca" or " weak rubber" closely resembles specimens of the murupita or tapuni rub- 

 ber, and is believed by the author to be tapuru rubber. The Sapium appears to be 

 a hardy tree and -rows with great rapidity. A 5-year-old tree in the b otanic : gar- 

 dens measured 8 in. in diameter 3 ft. from the -round. It is believed certain that the 

 latex of this tree can be successfully mixed with hevea latex and be therefore of great 

 commercial importance. 



Rubber planting industry in Ceylon (Jour. Soc. Arts, 58 I 1906 . No. 9751, pp. 

 969, 970).— There are at present about 25,000 acres under nil. her cultivation in Ceylon, 



