568 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



after which the author discusses the propagation of the fungi, methods by which they 

 spread, etc. 



Both apples and pears seem quite subject to attacks of these fungi in South Africa, 

 and attention is called to the fact that while the regulations prohibit the introduc- 

 tion of apple trees for orchard planting there is no restriction against the introduc- 

 tion of seedlings for budding and grafting purposes, and it is thought that through 

 these the disease is propagated and spread. Among the remedies suggested for the 

 prevention of losses the author recommends the thorough application of Bordeaux 

 mixture. 



Fire blight, L. F. Henderson (Wis. Hort. Soc. Bid. 5, pp. 8).— This bulletin, 

 which is a reprint of a press bulletin of the Idaho Experiment Station, gives a brief 

 history and description of fire blight, together with approved remedies. 



Black and gray rot in Indre, H. Blin [Rev. Vit., 24 (1905), No. 611, pp. 241, 

 242). —During 1905 the black rot was especially destructive in the vineyards of Indre, 

 the Lyonnais and Durif varieties being most attacked. 



A commission composed of members of the viticulture! society in cooperation with 

 the departmental professor of agriculture have made a study of the situation, and for 

 future treatments they recommend a winter treatment of iron sulphate 25 to 30 kg., 

 sulphuric acid 1 liter, and water 100 liters. This is to be followed during the grow- 

 ing season by applications of a spray composed of water 100 liters, crystallized copper 

 acetate 1 kg., and acetic acid 0.5 kg. The applications should be made with refer- 

 ence to the time of appearance of the rot. 



For the prevention of the gray rot caused by Botrytis cinerea the application of a 

 powder recommended by Zacharewicz is advised. This consists of plaster 60 kg. and 

 sulphosteatite, containing 20 per cent copper sulphate, 40 kg., to be dusted over the 

 vines at frequent intervals. 



Treatment for Botrytis of grapes, L. Degrully (Prog. Agr. et Vit. (Ed. VEst), 

 26 (1905), Xo. 19, pp. 561-566). — Attention is called to the use of various mechanical 

 treatments for preventing the attacks of Botrytis cinerea on grapes. These consist in 

 the main of dusting the foliage with mixtures containing sulphur, lime, steatite, etc., 

 often accompanied with Bordeaux mixture. 



The author briefly describes experiments with fertilizers in which different 

 rows of vines were treated with muriate of potash, calcium superphosphate, and 

 nitrate of soda. The superphosphate appeared without effect as far as the disease 

 was concerned, but the muriate of potash seemed to reduce the amount of disease, 

 while those vines receiving the nitrate of soda were much more affected than any of 

 those receiving treatment, As a supplemental treatment to the use of fungicides the 

 author recommends attention to the fertilizers used. Where the disease is prevalent 

 the amount of nitrogen should be diminished and potash increased. 



It is claimed that the Botrytis is more severe after attacks of Tortrix ambigueUa 

 and the destruction of this insect is advised. 



The rougeot of grape, L. Ravaz and L. Roos (Prog. Agr. et Vit. (Ed. VEst), 26 

 (1905), Nos. 39, pp. 363-370; 40, pp. 392-398, pi. 1).— This disease, which has long 

 been known, makes its appearance in the summer whenever the heat becomes 

 extreme. 



The leaves become altered and lose their rigidity, and the parenchyma becomes 

 reddened, while the principal veins remain green. Later the leaves become brown and 

 dead, the grapes are wilted, and the young shoots yellow. The diseased vines do not 

 die suddenly, but their productivity is considerably diminished. A microscopic study 

 of the tissues does not show any exceptional characters beyond the increased quan- 

 tity of the red coloring matter, anthocyanin, and a greater abundance of starches and 

 sugars. Later in the season the young growth does not show this unusual coloring, 

 and the old leaves still remaining resume their normal coloration. 



