ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOG1 . 



The early history of the Hessian fly in America, F. M. Websteb /' 

 Prom. Agr. Sci., 26 I 1905), pp. 110-117). — A historical discussion of the origin of the 

 Hessian fly is presented, together with notes on the early outbreaks of this pest and 

 its distribution I E. S. R., 16, p. 622). 



Locust destruction, \Y. II. I'.i SHBi I Natal Agr. Jour, am/ Mm. Rec. f 8 190 

 >;, j, p. 559-562). -The use of an arsenical Bolution as a Bpray for the control of locusts 

 has proved very efficient and also harmless to cattle \\ bich maj graze upon the -va-. 

 During the past year 5 tons of arsenical poison was purchased Eor this purpose and 

 has yielded satisfactory results. While it seems impossible to exterminate the pest 

 by this method it furnishes a means of holding the locust within reasonable bounds. 



The destruction of white grubs in the district of Meaux, .1. Benabd I Bui. Soc. 

 Nat. .I.'//-. France,65\ 1905), No. ■*'. /</<. -For several years a bounty has been 



offered varying from LO to 20 centimes per kilogram of white grubs. In a period of 6 

 \ ears a total of 462,911 kg. were thus captured. Estimating 1,200 white grubs per 

 kilogram this would mean the destruction of about 500,000,000 of the Larvae. In order 

 to carry on this kind of warfare against inserts, however, it i- necessary to secure 

 large quantities of money as well as devotion to the work. 



The habits and metamorphosis of Lebia scapularis, I". Silvestbi (Redia, 

 : \ 1904 I, No. l. />/>. 68- 84, pis. ■'< i. This predatory beetle appears to be unite influential 

 in the destruction of the elm-leaf beetle. The habits of /,, bia scapularis are described 

 in considerable detail with especial reference to the behavior and metamorphosis of 

 the larvae in different stages. An elaborate description is also presented of the silk- 

 producing apparatus of the larvae. 



Invasion of bark beetles in Vosg-es, Rivet (Bui. Soc. Nat. Agr. France, 65 

 (1905), X". 8, pp. 198-201 \. — During the year 1904 Tomicus typography* and T. curvi- 

 ih us were unusually numerous and attacked fir and other related tree-. The habits 

 of these two specie- are described in detail. The extent of infestation and the amount 

 of damage caused by these insects are briefly indicated. 



A note upon the ''bee-hole" borer of teak in Burma, E. P. Stebbini 

 rutta: Supt. Hint. Printing, India, 1905, pp. 19). — A considerable percentage of teak 

 in Burma is injured bythe presence of insect burrows to such an extent that it is use- 

 less for shipbuilding purposes. 



The author investigated such timber for the purpose of discovering the cause and 

 remedy. It was found that the burrows were produced by a moth identified as 

 Vuomitus ceramicu8. The chief natural enemies of this moth are woodpeckers. In 

 controlling the pest it is recommended that observations he made to determine the 

 trees in which the insect is present. All infested trees should then he cut in the <•. ild 

 season and utilized in such a manner as to destroy the insects in all stages. 



Observations and studies on hazelnut disease and means of combating- it. 

 A. Trotteb ( Redia, .' I 1904), No. L />/>. 87-67, Jigs. : >. As a result of a thorough 

 study of hazelnut trees, it was found that the so-called hazelnut disease may he due 

 to a variety of causes. In some cases it is the result of infection with parasitic fungi 

 such as Phyllactinia suffuUa and related species. In other cases the disease is pro- 

 duced by attacks of Heterodera raduncola. 



Hazelnuts may also he badly affected by infestation with mites, particularly Eri- 

 aphyes avellanse, or by the attacks of leaf-eating lepidoptera, coleoptera, or finally by 

 infestation with scale insects and other insect pests. A brief bibliography of the 

 subject is appended to the article. 



The vaporer moth, W. Forbes (Jour. Bd. Agr. [London], l .' I 1905), No. 7, pp. 

 4-'". 421, fig. 1 ). — Orgyia aniiqua attacks various fruit and garden trees, as well as orna- 

 mental shrubs. The insect is described in its various stages with notes on its life 

 history. In combating this pest the webs should he collected and burned and infested 

 foliage should be sprayed with Paris green at the rate of 1 lb. per 200 gal. of water, 

 or with arsenate of lead. 



