590 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



more carbon and hydrogen but about 0.8 per cent less nitrogen than the pure casein 

 from which it was prepared. Rennet, therefore, produces a chemical change in the 

 casein resulting in the production of paracasein and another nitrogenous body. Para- 

 casein has the same acidity as casein, but is more readily precipitated by salts. 



The principal products and by-products of milk, G. Rovesti (Lavorazioni 

 moderne del latte. Prodotti principal! e sottoprodotli. Casale, 1905; rev. in Rev. Gen. 

 Lait, ■', 1 1905), No. 3, p. 68). — Chapters are devoted to the composition of milk, bac- 

 teriology of milk, condensed milk, milk powders, preservation of milk, casein and 

 its industrial utilization, milk sugar, lactic acid, alcohol from milk, acetic acid from 

 milk, and milk soap. The treatise is recommended very highly in the review to 

 those who are interested in the industrial utilization of milk. 



A note on the bacteriological examination of milk, G. Newman ( Pub. HeaMh 

 [London], 18 (1905), No. 3, pp. 151-159). — This is an outline of an address in which 

 the author discusses the bacteriological standards for milk, the kinds of bacteria and 

 toxins present in milk, the presence of cellular elements foreign to milk, and the 

 degree of acidity. 



The following is suggested as a bacteriological standard of purity of milk for prac- 

 tical purposes: (1) Total acidity of not more than 24 to 25°, (2) no excess of pus or 

 blood cells, (3) no Bacillus coli, B. enteritidis sporogenes, or B. enteritidis of Gaertner 

 in 1 cc, and (4) the milk to be nonvirulent to animals, the first and last conditions 

 being considered fixed and absolute standards and the other two relative standards 

 suggesting further inquiry. 



Uniformity in milk culture media for bacteria, B. Czaplicki (Milchw. ZentbL, 

 1 (1905), No. 10, pp. 450-456). — Varying statements made in textbooks concerning 

 the behavior of different organisms in milk are attributed by the author as due to 

 differences in the milk media used. 



In his experiments marked differences were obtained for the same organisms 

 when grown in diluted milk, undiluted milk, and undiluted overheated milk. The 

 greatest development, the most marked peptonization, and the most intensive decol- 

 orization occurred in the diluted milk. The least development took place in the over- 

 heated milk. Cholera germs from numerous sources were grown in the 3 media 

 mentioned with marked variations in the results. The diluted milk was regularly 

 coagulated, while in only about one-half the number of cases did coagulation occur 

 in the undiluted milk. The differences were believed to depend principally upon 

 the amount of sugar present. 



The author recommends the dilution of the milk used for culture media in the pro- 

 portion of 1:1, the media being sterilized by heating for 40 minutes at 90 to 92° C. 

 on each of three consecutive days and kept during the intervals at 35°. 



VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



Economic aspect of veterinary science, S. S. Cameron (Jour. Dept. Agr. Vic- 

 toria, 3 (1905) , No. 7, pp. 500-506) . — In a discussion of this problem the author draws 

 attention to the work of eradicating animal diseases in America and England, the 

 treatment of milk fever, abortion, and the value of a well-regulated quarantine 

 against animal diseases. 



Animal plagues and quarantine laws, Profe (Fortschr. Yet. Hyg., 3 (1905), No. 

 4, pp. 73-78, fig. 1) . — The author discusses the present status of a number of animal 

 diseases, including glanders, anthrax, blackleg, rabies, pleuro-pneumonia, and swine 

 plague, with special reference to the effectiveness of present laws in controlling these 

 diseases. The hope is expressed that ultimately swine plague and certain other more 

 important animal plagues may be controlled by the proper execution of these laws. 



Legislation needed for the protection of Missouri live stock, I). F. Luc key 

 ( .1////. Rpt. Mo. Bd. Af/r., 37 (1904), pp. 152-156, pi. 1).— In the author's opinion the 



