VETERINARY Ml.DK INK. 593 



Pneumo-enteritis in calves, A. W. ( !i i;u.\\ [8 Jour. !>■ j>i. Agr. Vtctm i 

 No. ?, pp. 127-129 . -This disease most frequently attacks calves between the 

 of 4 weeks and 3 months, and isvery fatal, the mortality being aboul 95 per cent. 

 The symptoms and post-mortem appearances are briefly described. The only effect- 

 ive way of controlling the disease is by means of strict isolation of all affected calves 

 and thorough disinfection. 



The influence of cold on the virus of foot-and-mouth disease, E. Perron* ito 

 Forlschr. Vet. Hyg., 8 (1905 , No. ;, pp. 78, 79). The opportunity was offered of 

 studying the effect of cold upon the virus of foot-and-mouth disease. 



A sample of the virus in the saliva of diseased cattle was kept over night at a tem- 

 perature of 8 to 9° C. In the morning the virus was found frozen and after 

 being thawed oul was used for inoculating two healthy calves and two sheep. None 

 dt" these animals became infected, and it appears, therefore, that the Bdbjection t<> —8 

 t<> 9° C is sufficient to destroy the virulence of the virus. The author hints at the 

 economic importance of this fact. 



Spraying- v. dipping-, A. W. Douglass and L. J. Roberts (Agr. Jour. Capi Good 

 Hope, 7) (1905), Nos. I, pp. 108-112; 2, pp. 247-249). — This is a controversial discus- 

 sion of the comparative value and effectiveness of spraying and dipping. 



The first-named author argues in favor of spraying cattle with kerosene as being 

 a method more effective and less harmful than dipping, particularly if arsenic be 

 added to the dips. Kerosene mixed with water mechanically is claimed to be quite 

 harmless to the skin of cattle and costs about 4 cents per head. The actual cost of 

 dipping is not much more, but the original cost of the dipping plant is much greater 

 than that of the necessary spraying apparatus. 



Mr. Roberts maintains, on the contrary, that dipping is much more satisfactory 

 than spraying, and has displaced the latter method on nearly all .attic ranches. It 

 is argued that 1,000 cattle can he dipped in the time required to spray 200 head. 

 Dipping is also claimed to be a much more effective method of destroying the ticks 

 than spraying. 



Sheep dipping (Bd. Agr. and Fisheries [London], L><nltt 145, pp. 4)-— Not< 

 uuveti on methods and materials to be used in dipping sheep for Melophagus ovinus, 

 Ixodes reduvius, and LucUia sericata. For this purpose a hand hath, swimming hath, 

 or cage bath may be used. 



Various preparations were used as dips, including combinations of arsenic and 

 soda, sodium compounds of sulphur, lime and sulphur, carbolic acid, tobacco extracts, 

 and soaps. Crude tar and tar acids appear to destroy the pests most quickly, while 

 tobacco dips were nearly as active. 



Vaccination for sheep pox and blackleg- with products prepared in the 

 Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Soulie I Bui. Agr. Algkrv el Toms,,, n \ 1905 . No. 

 16, pp. SS9-S41).— During the 5 years from 1900 to L904, inclusive, 4,732,960 sheep 

 were vaccinated against Bheeppox. The mortality among this number was 1,800. 

 In vaccination for blackleg 138,068 cattle have been treated Bince 1897. The total 

 loss among this number was L50. 



The indefinite preservation of the virus of sheep pox in leeches, F. J. and 

 E. Bosc i Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. [Paris], 58 (1905), No. 7, pp. 999-401) .— Consider- 

 able difficulty has been experienced in preserving the virus of sheep pox without its 

 undergoing rapid changes. A mixture of lymph or infected tissue in pure glycerin 

 or diluted in water becomes rapidly attenuated. 



It was found, however, that when leeches were allowed to attach themselves in 

 the region of the pustules of sheep pox, the blood and virus thus obtained retained 

 its virulence for long periods, even 2 years, without any noticeable attenuation. It 

 appears that in such cases the virus may be partly digested and absorbed into the 

 body cavity of the leeches without undergoing serious changes. It is believed that 



L7641— No. 6—06 6 



