METEOROLOGY — WATER. 641 



shallow wells and developing localized Bubterranean Buppliee of water in New South 

 Wales. 



Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters. I 

 Blichtek i U. S. Geol. Survey, Water-Supply and Trrig. I'n/nr \<,. 140, pp. i:.\ pis. 15, 

 figs. (>7 1. —This is a revised edition of Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 67 (E. 

 B. R., 14, p. 640), giving somewhal more detailed accounts of apparatus used and 

 results obtained in laboratory studies, as well as of supplemental field investigations. 



Destructive Hoods in the United States in 1904, E. C. Mriuin 1:1 \i.. I . 

 S. Geol. Sun,;/, Water-Supply and Trrig. Paper No. 147, pp. 206, pis. 18, Jigs. 19). — 

 This report gives data regarding streams and drainage basin, precipitation ami tem- 

 perature, gage height and discharge, character and prevention of damage by floods 

 occurring during the year on the following rivers: Sacramento River, California; 

 Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania; .Mohawk River, New York; Grand River, Michi- 

 gan; W'aliash River, Indiana; Belle Fourche River, South Dakota; Kansas, Neosho, 

 Verdigris, Osage, and Arkansas rivers, Kansas; Canadian River basin, New Mexico. 

 Oklahoma, and Indian Territory; Pecos River basin, New Mexico; Rio Grande 

 River, New Mexico; Cache la Poudre and Crow Creek, Purgatory, and La Plata 

 livers, < Jolorado. 



Similar data are also given for the Johnstown and Robinson Run floods occurring 

 in Pennsylvania and the Troxton Canyon and Globe Hoods of Arizona. Observa- 

 tions on drought in the Ohio River drainage basin are also recorded, and a method 

 of computing cross-section areas of waterways is described. 



The normal distribution of chlorin in the natural waters of New York 

 and New England, D. 1). Jackson | U. S. Geol. Survey, Water-Supply "<><> Trrig. 

 Paper No. 144, pp. SI, pis. 5). — This bulletin discusses the physiological functions of 

 common salt, salt I chlorin ) as an indication of pollution of water supplies, methods of 

 determining chlorin, and the normal distribution of chlorin in the natural waters of 

 New York and New England as calculated from a large number of determinations 

 collected from various sources. 



The bulletin contains a normal chlorin map showing "isochlors" for the different 

 Staio represented in the region studied. Attention is called to the fact that while 

 chlorin is as a rule a reliable and persistent index of pollution of water "a certain 

 proportion of the chlorin in a water has its origin in natural causes, and has no rela- 

 tion to artificial pollution; therefore, in determining the character of a water for 

 domestic purposes, it is necessary to consider this natural or normal chlorin, and 

 whenever the chlorin present is in excess of the normal the evidence of past pollution 

 is complete. 



•' It has been found, moreover, that ( with the exception of local deposits) the nor- 

 mal chlorin in natural waters is derived from the salt of the ocean, blown over the 

 land by storms, and that it diminishes in amount as the distance from the ocean 

 increases. This decrease is so definite that equal amounts of chlorin are found along 

 lines generally parallel to the seacoast, thus affording a basis for the establishment of 

 isochlors. In Massachusetts and Connecticut these lines have been located, and for 

 several years the information has proved to be of great value to the water-supply 



interests of those States." 



Mineral waters of the United States, J. K. HaYWOOD and B. H. Smith 

 {U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Chem. Bui. 91, pp. ZOO).— This bulletin gives the results of an 



attempt "to obtain all the most prominent spring waters as they art- sold on the 

 market and to compare the composition of such samples with the composition as 

 advertised by the owners of the springs." 



A further study of all well-known spring waters collected at their sources is also 

 in progress, and the second part of this bulletin gives the results already obtained on 

 Saratoga waters so sampled. The classification of mineral waters is discussed and 

 the authors propose a classification which differs in certain particulars from those 

 suggested by Peale and Crook. A method of naming mineral waters is also explained 



