DISEASES OF PLAH 6 i 3 



acid, carbolic acid, etc. Trees should no1 be planted in too heavy shade, and care 

 should be exercised in the use of nitrogenous fertilizers. Attention should be paid 

 that the roots should nol be injured during the cultivation of the soil, and where 

 trees are dead replanting should Dot be made in the same location. 



Leaf curl and plum pockets, P. Pass? (Rev. Uort. [P< 1905), No. I4,pp. 



340, 341, figs. 5). Illustrated descriptions are given of leaf curl, caused by Exoascus 

 deformans, and plum pockets, due to Exoascus [Taphrina'] pruni. For the prevention 

 of these diseases it is recommended thai the affected leaves and fruits be destroyed 

 and the trees thoroughly sprayed late in winter with a rather strong solution of cop- 

 per sulphate. 



Notes for the recognition of the principal diseases of the grape, < ■ Bebtoni 

 (CoUivatore, 51 (1905), No. ."■*. pp. 7S-76). Brief directions are given for the recog- 

 nition <>!' the principal diseases of the grape, the different diseases being grouped 

 according to the part of the plant affected. 



Grape anthracnose, E. Zacharewicz (Rev. 17/., /; (1905), No. 605, pp. 76, 

 For the prevention of anthracnose of the grape, the author recommendsa winter 

 treatment in which the vines should be thoroughly washed or sprayed with a solu- 

 tion of 10 kg. sulphuric acid in 100 liters of water. This should be applied during 

 the dormant period <>f the vines, and should he followed during the growing season 

 by 2 or 3 treatments of the foliage at 10-day intervals with powdered lime 50 kg., 

 cement 25 kg., and mineral superphosphate 25 kg. 



The treatment of Botrytis on grapes, P. de i.a Bathie (Rev. 17/., : ', 

 No. 604, pp. S7S9). — A report is given of experiments in which a large number of 

 fungicides, both in liquid and powdered form, were tested for the prevention of the 

 gray rot of grapes, caused by Botrytis cinerea. In addition comparisons were made 

 of the effect of removing the leaves and of reducing the amount of nitrogenous fer- 

 tilizers in proportion to the phosphatic ones used in the vineyards. 



In all, 6 forms of powder and about one dozen liquids were tested. The results of 

 the treatments showed that in a season unfavorable to the development of this 

 disease no treatment seemed to show any material reduction in the disease from that 

 observed in the check plats. It is believed, however, that if the season had been a 

 rainy one some of the fungicides would have shown a marked influence in the 

 reduction of disease. Modifying the formulas of fertilizers in general use would 

 probably have an effect on the reduction of the disease, and -hallow cultivation is 

 recommended to replace deep cultivation, which brings about too great nitrification 

 in the soil. 



Treatments for the prevention of powdery mildew, M. Cebcelet I Rev. Vit., 

 28 (1905), No. ■'>'■>.'. pp. 44S-44& )• — The author recommends washing grapevines with 

 a mixture of water 100 liters, sulphuric acid 5 liters, and sodium hyposulphite 1 kg. 



This should be applied to the vines between December 1 and February I, or an 

 application of a 10 per cent solution of sulphuric acid may be \\^-^\. This should 

 be followed during the season with other treatments, for the first of which is recom- 

 mended a mixture of copper sulphate L.5 kg., sublimed sulphur 2 k'_ r .. lime 0.75 kg., 

 and water. For later treatments the quantity of copper and sublimed sulphur is 

 increased about 50 per cent. These proportions will make about 1 hectoliter of 

 fungicide. 



Powdery mildew and Uncinula spiralis, P. I'm 0111:1 (Rev. Vti.,£8 1901 \ 

 601, pp. 681-685, figs. 8). -A description is given of the conidial form of the powdery 

 mildew and its relation to the perfect form, Uncinula spiralis. The life history of the 

 conidial form is described at length and notes given on its distribution in France. 

 methods of control, etc. 



The black rot, F. Yassilliere (Rev. Vit, 24 (1906), No. 60S, pp. 65-70).— An 

 account is given of the appearance, distribution, and periodicity of attacks of black 

 rot in France. 



