\ Kl 'KKINAKY MEDICINE. 699 



quickly an infection of the Lymphatic glands in the region of the Lungs. The tubercle 

 bacillus, introduced into tin- intestines, seems to be able t<> pass through the intestinal 

 walls an<l the neighboring lymphatic glands without Leaving any trace of its presence. 



Intestinal origin of pulmonary tuberculosis, A. Calmette and C. Gi ERIN 

 [Ann. Tnst. Pasteur, 19 i 1905), No. 10, pp. 601 618). The investigations reported in 

 this paper were undertaken for the purpose of obtaining information regarding the 

 proposition of von Behring that pulmonary tuberculosis usually arises as the result 

 of intestinal infection in early life. For this purpose the authors experimented with 

 goats, testing the effect upon this animal of ingestion of tuberculous products of 

 various origin. 



It was fou mi possible to infect the i nam i nary gland of goats with cultures of bovine, 

 human, ami avian tubercle bacilli as well as with those of pseudotuberculosis. Even 

 when the tissue of the gland was in mi way injured, cultures of bovine tubercle bacilli 

 introduced into it led to the death of the animal within a short time and without 

 extension of tin- Lesions t<> any other organ. Cultures of human tubercle bacilli, 

 however, were less virulent ami produced Lesions which slowly healed. The avian 

 bacillus ami the bacillus of pseudotuberculosis were Less virulent. 



Young goats were then allowed to suck milk from mammary glands infected in 



the manner just described. From these experiments it appear- that young goats 

 react in a decided manner to any of the cultures already mentioned obtained in the 

 milk of infected goats. The reaction was most pronounced in the mesenteric glands. 

 In all cases, without regard to the kind of bacillus, these glands became greatly 

 swollen, but only the bovine and human tubercle bacilli led to the actual formation 

 of tubercles within the ganglia. The bovine bacillus caused the most serious 

 infection, leading to caseation of the tubercles and ultimately extending to the Lungs. 

 After infection with the human bacilli, however, the lesions tended to heal by 

 calcification. 



Detailed notes are given on the post-mortem findings in young goats treated in the 

 manner indicated. Cultures of the same species of bacilli were then introduced by 

 means of a sound directly into the rumen of other young goats. In these experi- 

 ments also the bovine bacillus was most virulent, producing secondarily a pulmonary 

 infection. Human bacilli appeared to be harmless for young goats when introduced 

 directly into the rumen and did not exercise a vaccinating effect toward bovine 

 bacilli. Avian bacilli and bacillus of pseudotuberculosis were equally harmless. 



In the first experiments carried out by the authors, an apparent confirmation of 

 von Behring's theory was found. Later, however, experiments showed that von 

 Behring's theory that pulmonary tuberculosis of the adult results from a slow devel- 

 opment of an intestinal infection in early life is probably wrong. According to the 

 authors' experiments in adult goats, the infection proceeds more easily from the 

 intestines to the Lungs than in early life. 



Dang/er of infection with tuberculosis by different kinds of exposure, E. C. 

 Bchkoedeb and W. E. Cotton ( U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Anim. Indus. Rpt. 1904, pp. 

 44-65). — In determining the relative liability of infection from different methods of 

 exposure the authors subjected guinea pigs to infection from abdominal injections of 

 milk from tuberculous cows, from feeding tuberculous milk, being confined in cages 

 on the walls of stalls in which tuberculous cattle were kept, or in the mangers of such 

 cattle. 



The milk used for intraabdominal injection- came from »> tuberculous cows, and 

 224 guinea pigs received injections of such milk. Of this number 4, or 1.78 per 

 cent, became infected. The total amount of milk used in these injections was about 

 3 pts. The number of guinea pigs fed tuberculous milk was L32, ami of this number 

 1, or 0.76 per cent, became infected. The total amount of milk U-i\ was about 118 

 gal. and the average feeding period about 47 days. The number of guinea pigs 

 exposed in the same stall with tuberculous cows was 35, and of this number 2, or 



