RURAL ENGINEERING. 709 



Windmills, M. Ring elm ann {Jour. Agr. Prat., n. ser. t 10 (1905), No. i.\ pp. 496- 

 500, jigs. 4)- — A descriptioD of Borne American and European mills with a discussion 

 of the pressure of wind and methods of regulating mills. 



Experiments on steel-concrete pipes on a working- scale, J. II. Qi inton 

 i r. S. Geol. Survey, Water-Supply and Irrig. Paper No. 143, />/>■ 61, pis. 4 f figs. }). — 

 Seven 20-ft. Bectiona of pipe of 5 it. inside diameter and <> in. thick, reenforced with 

 welded steel rings, were made, using various proportions of cement, sand, and gravel. 

 These were coated inside with different plasters and paints and tested with nil heads 

 up to 140 ft. It was found impossible under moderate heads to prevenl sweating 

 through every coating tried and serious Leakage through tamping seams under h ads 

 of over »'><» ft. 



To avoid the inequalities incident to continuous pipe, a section of four 5-ft. segments 

 was made and tested with various coatings. Further tests were made on pipes of 8 

 in. inside diameter. The writer concludes that extreme care is essential in mixing 

 and tamping; that paints are too thin and soap-and-alum mixture- not wholly satis- 

 factory, and that heads of over 70 ft. are not practicable. No cost data are given. 



Cement mortar and concrete: Preparation and use for farm purposes, 

 P. L. Wormeley, Jr. ( U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui ?35, pp.32, figs. 14). —This bul- 

 letin describes in a very elementary way the proper method of mixing and handling 

 concrete. 



The use of different materials for making concrete is explained, and detailed direc- 

 tions are given for making sidewalks, basement floors, stops, and fence posts. In an 

 appendix are given results of some tests on concrete fence posts, tests showing the 

 effect of retempering Portland-cement mortar, and a diagram showing the effect of 

 clay on cement mortars. 



Trap rocks of Palouse region as road material, C. N. Little and \V. <i. 

 Turley (Idaho Sta. Bui. 50, pp. 16, figs. 2). — Abrasion and cementation tests of 13 

 samples with notes on methods employed and comparative tests of 3 samples made in 

 the laboratories of this Department. 



The good roads problem in Iowa, A. Marston, C. V. Curtiss, and T. II. 

 MacDonald (Iowa Engin. Sta. Bui., .' (1905), No. '<', pp. ?4, pis. 12, figs. 5) . — This 

 bulletin contains a copy of the law creating the Iowa State Highway Commission, 

 a general discussion of the State with regard to its road conditions and road material-, 

 and brief notes as to methods of road construction and maintenance. 



Third annual report of the State board of public roads, Rhode Island 

 • .1////. Rpt. lid. rah. Roads /.'. /.. S (1905), pp. 39, />!■-. 47, fig. 1).—A general discussion 

 is given of the advantages of good roads and the necessity of prompt repairs on 

 macadamized roads. 



During 1904, L6.3 miles of stone roadways were contracted for at an average cost of 

 14,953.05 per mile. In all cases when' road- have been improved grades have been 

 reduced. The methods of testing stone as road material in this Department are 

 described and a table showing the road-making value of Rhode Island material is given. 

 A copy of the standard specifications for stone roadways is also given. The report 

 contains a large number of companion pictures showing roadways hefore and after 

 improvement. 



Eighth annual report of the commissioner of highways, Ontario, 1903 

 (Ann. Rpt. Comr. Highways Ontario, 8 (1903), pp. 102, pi. l,figs. 95,dgm8.3). This 

 report deals principally with defects of employing statute Labor on highways in the 

 Province of Ontario, and the advantages to be gained by commutation of this labor 

 and expenditure of the funds thus acquired under the direction of expert roadmakers. 



A tabular statement is given showing the counties in which commutation is pro- 

 vided for, and the rates allowed, which vary from 50 cts. to $1 per day. There is 

 also given a tabular statement of the road expenditure- by counties for the years 



