FORESTRY. 773 



England where natural replacement cannot be secured for lack of Beed trees the 

 planting of white pine is advised. A number of tables showing the composition of 

 white pine stands ai differenl periods of maturity are given. Pruning in young 

 white pine forests is thought expensive and inadvisable. 



In lumbering, it is recommended thai 3 to I short-boiled and wind-firm seed 

 trees be lefl per acre to insure the replacement of pine. The profits in second-growth 

 white pine are shown to be as high as 11 percent where the land is valued at n<»t 

 over v 1 per acre, the annual outlay not over L2cts. per acre, and the stumpage price 



of w 1 nol less than $5 per cord. The highest rate of interest is secured if the 



in- rut when from 35 to 45 ycai'sui' age. 



Loblolly pine in eastern Texas with special reference to the production of 

 cross-ties, U. Zon [U. S. Dept. Agr. } Forest Serv. Bui. 64, pp. 58, pis. 4, fig 



The author made a study of the occurrence, manner of growth lifferenl soils and 



in different mixtures, and of the uses of loblolly pine in eastern Texas. 



Tables are given showing the composition of loblolly pine forests 35 to 10 years 

 old on wet prairie, forests 24 and 60 years old on fairly well-drained lighl -oil-. 

 mixed pine and hard wood forest 150 years old on poorly-drained soil, and 30 to 40 

 years old on well-drained fertile soil, and forests L0 to 29 years old on old fields. 

 Normally this tree grows to a height of 90 to 1 1 tut. and has a diameter of 2 to 2.5 ft. 

 It matures at 70 to 80 years of age. Its best growth is found on a deep, fairly loose 

 Bandy or light loamy moist soil. It is intolerant of shade during middle ami later 

 life. It begins seed production when about 30 years of age. Tables are given show- 

 ing tin' rate of height and diameter gro\i th of tin- tree on different soils and in differ- 

 ent mixtures. 



About 300,000,000 ft. of loblolly pine lumber is annually turned out by the mills 

 of Texas. The lumber is usually sold under tin- name of Bhort-leaf pine Tin- large 

 proportion of sapwood which loblolly pine usually contain- makes it desirable to 

 kiln dry it immediately after it is sawed to avoid the attack of a fungus which stains 

 it blue. The untreated timber readily rots in exposed situation.-, hut when treated 

 with preservatives outlives either the short-leaf or long-leaf pine. 



The volume yield of loblolly pineal different stages of growth i- tabulated. By 



present methods of cutting pole ties, the author shows that from .">4 to 71 per cenl of 

 the timber goes into slabs and excessive dimensions and is thus wasted. Tie cutters 

 prefer trees lo to l.">in. in diameter or between 30 and 50 years of age. The author 

 shows that this is the period of most rapid growth of the trees and from the stand- 

 point of profits and economy only trees L5 to 17 in. through should he used. About 

 so per cent of the loblolly pine now standing in Texas is of tie size. In discussing a 

 loblolly pine forest as an investment, the author -hows a probable return of about 5 

 per cent on a 40-year investment. 



Cultivation and commercial fertilizers for stunted pine stands of the Wiir- 

 temberg- Black Forest, 1-'. Hofm w\ I Allg. Forst u. Jagd Ztg., 81 i 1905), Sept., pp. 

 991 807, dgm. 1 ). — In a pine foresl 20 to 25 year.- of age which had made very poor 

 irrow th because of ] r soil, extensive development of weed- and grass, etc.. an exper- 

 iment was made to determine the value of cultivation. 



Thomas slag, am nia, superphosphate, and kainit were also used experimentally 



on young plantations of pine and spruce. The experiments were begun in L900 and the 

 results secured up to i.904 are discussed. Cultivation alone proved sufficient to thor- 

 oughly rejuvenate and start into good growth the older forest of pine. Among the 

 fertilizers teste I Thomas slag proved especially effective. General suggestions based 

 on the author's observations are given for forestry practices on i r soils. 



Spruce seed sown broadcast, L Knechtel [Forestry and Irrig., 11 90 . No. 

 //, pp. 430, .'/.'• 1 • -11 has hc.-n commonly observed that evergreen trees spring up 

 readily in poplar groves. The belief has become prevalent, therefore, that spruce 

 finds in such places good condition- for reproduction. 



