ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY- -ENTOMOLOGY. 781 



part of June by soaking the ground thoroughly, after which the water was shul off 

 and the ground became exceedingly dry. Some of the vines showed the attack of 

 disease the first summer, while others did not show it until the second. All vino in 

 the same vineyard thai were nol irrigated remained healthy. 



The author discusses the resistance of varieties to this disease, and suggests com- 

 bating it by the use of resistant stocks. 



Black rot and its treatment, A. Prunet i Prog. Agr. et Vit. I Ed. I' Est I, ?6\ 1905 I, 

 No. 17, pp. 509 518). It is claimed thai l»\ destroying all dried grapes thai remain 

 on the vines in the fall and careful attention to the periods when the black-ro1 fungus 

 appears, it will not be necessary to extensively spray vineyards *-\<-r\ season. It 

 these suggestions are rigorously followed over Large areas, the author believes that 

 black rot ami the destruction it causes could he almost wholly eliminated. 



Treatment of mildew, L. Degbully {Prog. Agr. <t Vit. {Ed. I'Est), 26 1905 , 

 No. 17, pp. 505-607). — Formulas are given lor the preparation of basic ami neutral 

 solutions of Bordeaux mixture and Burgundy mixture, with suggestions for the use 

 of these fungicides in dry and wet regions where mildew alone is to !»<• expected or 

 where black rot also occurs. 



The proper application of copper fungicides, L. Degbully {Prog. Agr. et. Vit. 

 i Ed. /'AW i. 26 I 1905 I, No. 16, pp. 477, 478).— For combating black rot of grapes the 

 author strongly recommends the use of dilute solutions of copper. It is said that 10 

 hectoliters of Bordeaux mixture containing 1 per cent of copper gives better results 

 than 5 hectoliters of a 2 per cen1 solution. 



ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 



The destruction of birds. by the elements, 1903-4, E. II. Fobbush {Agr. of 

 Mass., 1908, pp. 457-508, pi. l,figs. 3).— During 1903, the spring, especially the month 

 of May, was drier than had been reported for Massachusetts for the previous 30 years. 

 This led to a scarcity of water and insects and was followed by extensive forest and 

 grass tires. The month of June following showed an unusual rainfall and cold 

 weather, while the winter of 1903-4 was one of unusual severity. The drought and 

 forest fires of spring combined with the heavy rains ami floods of June and the 

 severe weather of winter destroyed the food and the eggs and nests of various spe- 

 cies of birds and the adult birds themselves in large numbers. 



Detailed notes are given from reports received from correspondents regarding the 

 effects of these severe climatic conditions in destroying birds. Suggestions are made 

 regarding nesting boxes and other means of protecting birds. 



The quail, the best insect and weed exterminator, E. Harris ( Toronto: II". 

 Briggs, 1905, pp. 11). — The habits and food of the quail are discussed in considerable 

 detail with especial reference to the value of this bird in destroying injurious insects 

 and weed seeds. 



Fruit-eating birds, C. Fbench, Jr. {Jour. Dept. Agr. Victoria,3 {1905), No. 5, pp. 

 364-370). — Notes are given on the distribution, breeding season, and feeding habits 

 of a considerable number of birds which feed upon fruit in New South Wales. 



Report of committee on gypsy moth, insects, and birds, A. Pratt et al. 

 {Agr. of Mass., mo.:. />/>. 220-885, pi. I). — During 1903 climatic conditions were 

 unfavorable to the spread of insects. Numerous complaints were made, however, on 

 the injuries due to gypsy moth. The moth was found presenl in large numbers in 

 Medford, Maiden, and Melrose, since the pest ..cents abundantly along railroads 

 and about depots, it is suggested that railroad transportation may ultimately be 

 responsible for distributing the insect very widely. 



Some miscellaneous results of the work of the Bureau of Entomology, 

 VIII {U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Eat. /.'"/. 54, pp. 99, pis. '/. figs. 20). — Tht sugar cane 

 beetle, E. S. G. Titus (pp. 7-18). — Ligyrus rugiceps injure- cane before the tips appear 



