

METEOROLOGY- WATER. 887 



paper deals with topography, geology, water supply (streams, springs, deep 

 wells. ;iik1 artesian wells), irrigation, climate, and water analyses. The watei 

 conditions of each county are separately discussed, and records of 10 wells 

 from each of the 2G counties in the st.-ite are given. 



Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, N. II. Dabton 

 1/ . n. (i(<)l. Survey, Water-supply and Irrig. Paper Vo. //•''. 2. erf., pp. 

 /;.-,. ///». A table of borings more than WO ft. in depth, giving location, depth, 



din ter, yield per minute, and heighl of water, with additional data where 



available, together with bibliographies of the subject by States. 



Purification of waters for industrial purposes, 1 >. Peniakoff (Bui. 8oc. 

 chim. Belg., 19 {1905), Vos. 5, pp. 122 186; 6, pp. 159 111). The author dis 

 cusses in some detail and reports n large number of tests of the vari us chem 

 leal precipitation methods which have been proposed for iliis purpose. The 

 results indicate thai on the whole the use of aluminate of barium (ALBaOJ 

 gives the mosl satisfactory results. 



The sterilization of water by means of ozone, E. PlLATTE ( Rev. Sci. I Paris], 

 5. ser., 5 I 1906 l . Vo. 2, i>i>. 87-43). — This is an account of the application of ( otto's 

 method (E. S. EL, 17. p. G42) to the water supply of Nice, it is claimed thai 

 the method gave satisfactory results and there appears to he no reason why 

 the total water supply of the city, amounting to 22,500 cubic meters daily, 

 should not he efficiently treated by the process. 



Notes on water softening*, W. M. Gabdneb arid 1.. L. Lloyd (■/our. Nor. Chi m. 

 Indus.. 24 (1905), .Vo. 8, i>i>. 892-895; abs. in Engin. anil Min. .lour.. 80 < 1905), 



No. 22, pp. K)2t. 1022).- This article deals with the influen n the softening 



process of the amount of neutral suits present and the method and apparatus 

 used in carrying out the process. 



It is claimed that the neutral salts always present to a more or less extent in 

 water are more deleterious than is generally recognized, and their proportion 

 may he notably increased by the use of sodium carbonate t<> remove hardness 

 duo to calcium. The influence of apparatus depends mainly upon the time 

 allowed for the reactions to proceed and upon temperature as well as thorough- 

 ness «>f mixing. The Pfeifer and Wartha formulas for determining the amounts 

 of reagents to he used in softening water (E. S. It.. 15, p. 746) are considered 

 unreliable when much neutral salts is present. The authors prefer to base the 

 treatment upon direct determination of the lime and soda present. Methods of 

 doing this are described. 



The use of barium hydroxid as a softening reagent is referred to and the 

 opinion is expressed that at its present price this material can he used only in 

 special cases, and since barium compounds are reputed to be poisonous, it is 

 obvious that the barium hydroxid should he used with greal caution in the 

 treatment of drinking water. " If the amount used is carefully regulated, how- 

 ever, to exclude the possibility of the presence of barium carbonate, not a trace 

 of barium remains in solution." 



Hints on water supply (Jour. /.''/. Agr. [London], 12 (1905), Vo. 8, />/'• /// 

 149). — Surest ions are made in this article regarding the development of under- 

 ground supplies of water, especially in time of drought. The measurement of 

 the tlow of springs and streams is also described and means of filtering and 

 purifying the water of surface streams and of collecting rain water are 

 ( xplained, as well as a method of calculating the available supply of wells. 



The sanitary protection of water supplies, K. Ai.ikx (-lour. I' ran 1:1 in Inst., 

 icm 1 1905), No. /. m>. $97-828). — In this paper it is pointed out that unsanitary 

 conditions may he detected by analysis of the water, hy inspection of water- 

 sheds, or by mortality statistics. 



