SOILS- FERTILIZERS. 845 



Directions for liming- (Rev. Q6n. Agron.. I j (1905), Vo. 1 '.. i>/>. \99-501). 

 The rules formulated by the German Agricultural Society for this purpose are 

 given. 



Cultural management as applied to sewage irrigation at Paris, P. Yi\< i.\ 

 (Mini. 8oc. \ni. \,ir. France, r,i* 1905), pp. )i~> 500, pi. I. figs. 6). The theory 

 of this method of sewage disposal is explained, the history of its use in » 1 i --i ►< .^ 1 1 (L r 

 of the sewage of Paris is reviewed, and its efficiency and presenl status Is 



discussed. 



It is pointed oin th.it the Paris system of sewage disposal has not ye1 been 

 perfected so thai it secures both perfect purification of the sewage and its com 

 plete utilization. While much bas been dene to introduce crop rotations, which 

 secure a more complete and uniform utilization of the sewage throughout the 



year, the supply of sewage lias grown so large that it is impossible to take care 

 pf it in wilder, and even in summer it is often difficull to secure thai inter 

 mittauce of application which is essential to thorough purification. This is 

 true in spite of the fact that the municipality has rapidly increased the area of 

 its sewage farms. 



Tin' difficulties are increased in those cases in which the city does not own 

 the laud, hut simply supplies the sewage t<> farmers and gardeners, as they are 

 not willing to irrigate during the uighl except to a very limited extent in dry 

 seasons. The present system is inadequate to dispose of the sewage of Paris, 



and so make it possihle to suppress pollution of the Seine. It is clai I to be 



possible to so extend the present area and application as to dispose of 775,000 

 cubic meters of sewage per day. which will he amply sufficient. 



Local fertilizer experiments in Malmohus County, Sweden, 1904, (',. 

 Nobdin and M. Weibull (Malmo. Lans E. Hush&ll, Sallsk. Kvrtlsskr., 1905, \ o. 

 /. pp. 207-271). — A brief accounl of the cooperative fertilizer trials conducted 

 on a number of different farms under the auspices of the Malmohus County 

 Agricultural Society is given, and the following subjects are discussed at more 

 length: The general effects of fertilizers as shown by experiments during recent 

 years, analyses of lime and soil analyses in general, the after-effect of artificial 

 fertilizers, experiments with calcium carbid, experiments with lime as a manure 

 preservative, the influence of different fertilizers on the quality of root crops 

 and experiments with oat sickness of soils. — v. W. woi.t.. 



Experiments with mineral fertilizers on the Krotkov estate, A. I. Snr.i i 

 {Vye8tnik Russ. SeUk. Khoz., 1904, -Vox. 50, 51; abs. in Zhur. Opuitn. Anion. 

 (Ru88. Jour. Expt. Landw.), 6 (1905), No. ..\ pp. r,r, .'}?». -The relative effi- 

 eieney of drill and broadcast application Of fertilizers is discussed on the hasis 

 of fertilizer experiments carried on at the Krotkov estate. 



It is claimed that in drill application the fertilizers are placed where they 

 are exhausted in the early stages of growth of the plant, which is thus forced 

 iid<> vigorous development, causing it t«> make increased demands upon soil 

 fertility during later periods of growth. Drill fertilizing, therefore, not only 

 does not increase the supply of plant food in the soil or provide fully for the 

 requirements of the plant, hut results in actual soil exhaustion. For drill 

 fertilizing to yield besl results the whole soil should he well supplied with plant 

 food, the fertilizers applied in the drill acting mainly as a stimulus to the plant. 



In the early stages of plant growth fertilizers which have been applied broad- 

 cast ad in much the same manner as fertilizers applied in the drill, hut they 

 continue to furnish plant food through a longer period, depending upon the 

 character of the root growth of the plant. If the plant has a limited foot 

 system or the season is dry. so that plant food does not circulate freely in the 



