ECONOMTr ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 883 



the formula 15-15-15-50. Of 1 1 1 « - <; bunches of trees in the two lots in the order 

 just mentioned, the following cumbers lived after setting oul 22, 22, and 24 in 

 the lime-sulphur-salt test; 24, 25, and •_'•". In the formalin test, as compared 

 with 21, 23, :iikI 25, respectively, of untreated trees. 



During the next spring another test was made in which 25 plants each of 

 apple, peach, and blackberry were dipped in full strength lime-sulphur-salt 

 solution and 25 each of the same varieties fumigated with hydrocyanic-acid gas 

 (1 oz. to 100 en. ft. i Cor l.") minutes, or tins nursery stock. 25 apple trees, lil 

 peach trees, ;iik1 -[ blackberry bushes treated with lime-sulphur-salt lived, 

 while of those fumigated 24 apple trees, 25 peach trees, and none of the black- 

 berries lived .-is compared with 25, 24, and 25, respectively, <>r untreated speci- 

 mens. The lime-sulphur-salt is considered as possessing several advantages 

 over other kinds of treatment 



Michigan laws for the protection of orchards and vineyards (Lansing: 

 Wynkoop, Hallenoeck, Crawford Co., 1905, pp. ll). — A copy is giveo of the law 

 recently passed in Michigan to prevent importation and spread of dangerous 

 insets and fungus pests. The law provides Tor the appointment of an inspector 

 Of orchards and deputies, regulates the matter of nursery licenses within the 

 State, and prescribes penalties for the violation of the law and its regulations. 



Spraying* mixtures and machinery. When and how to spray, F. L. Ste- 

 vk.ns and R. S. Wogltjm (North Carolina stu. Bui. 198, pp. 83, figs. 8; Sup., 

 folio). — The common insect and fungus diseases attacking fruits, garden vege- 

 tables, nursery stock, and field crops are mentioned with brief suggestions 

 regarding methods of treating them. Notes are also given on the preparation 

 of insecticides and fungicides, together with directions for the use of spraying 

 apparatus and statements of the benefits obtained from spraying. 



Fumigation with hydrocyanic-acid gas (Jour. Bd. Agr. [London], Li (1905), 

 "No. 8, pp. 496-498). — The value of this remedy, as determined by experiments in 

 various countries, is briefly outlined and practical notes are given regarding the 

 Strength of the gas to he used, the time of exposure, and other matters con- 

 nected with successful fumigation. 



Paris green, R. IIarcourt (.1//;/. Rpt. Ontario Apr. Col. and E.rpt. Farm, 31 

 (1905), pp. 66-68). — A study was made of the chemical composition of Paris 

 green, and results of the analysis of several samples are presented. 



From this chemical work it appears that the soluble arsenious acid in ordi- 

 nary Paris green in Ontario market ranges from 2.11 to 4.35 per cent. The 

 samples are not quite chemically pure, and small amounts of sand and sodium 

 Bulphate appear to he present in all cases. On the whole, however, the quality 

 of Paris green in Ontario appears to he satisfactory. Between 1<h> and 120 tons 

 are used annually in water and dry and also combined with Bordeaux mixture. 



Alimentary canal of the mosquito, M. T. Thompson (/'roc. Boston 8oc. 

 Nat. Hist., 82, No. 6, pp. l )■'> 202, pis. <!). — The species studied in the preparation 

 ef this article were Cuter stivnulans, c. pipiens, a third unidentified species of 

 this genus, and Anopheles punetipennis. 



The anterior portion of the alimentary tract of mosquitoes contains a pharynx 

 and antlia, both of which are pumping organs and are concerned in the removal 

 of blood from the hosts upon which mosquitoes Uhh\. The alimentary eanal 

 as a whole is discussed and detailed accounts arc presented of the distinguish- 

 ing features which appear in different parts of the organ. 



Studies on mosquitoes of the genera culex and anopheles, B. Gaixj-Valebio 

 and Jeanne Rochaz-De Jongs (Atti. Soc. studi Malaria, a ( 1905), pp. I .'■', i. 

 The occurrence and behavior of mosquitoes under various temperature condi- 

 tions are briefly stated in a tabular form. 



