VETERINARY MEDICINE. 911 



before calving, and ih.it purgatives be given — for example, Epsom salts in doses 

 of 14 lbs. Attention is also called to the desirability of using antiseptic pre- 

 cautions in pumping the air into the udder, since otherwise an infection may 

 take place and lead to serious inflammation. 



Parturient paresis, puerperal septicemia, and paralysis after parturition, 

 i;. Hess (Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilk., p (1905), Vo. 6, pp. 277-804). — The symp- 

 toms of numerous cases of these diseases a i'e given, together with clinical notes, 



and an account of the Hi I' treatment adopted by the author. 



in several instances transition stages were noted between the three diseases 

 so that all three appeared t«> be <niite closely related. The author discusses the 



etiology Of these diseases in some detail, as based on a study of the symptoms 



and pathological anatomy. As is generally known, some veterinarians recom- 

 mend that in order to prevent the occurrence of parturienl paresis, cows should 

 be milked during the last 8 or l<» days before parturition, similar results are 

 obtained from bloodletting and from the administration of laxatives. All 



tin- f the diseases may be successfully combated by the use of air or oxygen 



pumped into the udder until this organ is tensely distended. Puerpural septi- 

 cemia, however, may require in addition to the oxygen treatment a thorough 

 irrigation of the reproductive organs with antiseptics. 



The author suggests the desirability of determining the volume and weight 

 of the udder of cows affected with parturient paresis before and after treat- 

 ment, also the amount of blood forced out of the udder by the oxygen treatment, 

 and the variations in the abdominal blood pressure in cows before and after 

 parturition. 



The treatment of appearance of blood or hemoglobin in the milk, K. Meuch 

 (Berlin. Tieriirztl. Wchnschr., I'.hh;. .\<>. I. p. ',). — in two instances the author 

 had complete success in such cases after other remedies had failed by the 

 use of air infusion. The air pressure produced in the udder seemed to have 

 the effect of closing the ruptured blood vessels from which the blood escaped, 

 and thus prevented the further admixture of blood in the milk'. 



Infectious vaginal catarrh of cattle, Tijoms (Monatsh. Prakt. Tierheilk., 

 17 ( 1906), No. ■'>-('>. j>i>. 193-211, pis. L fig. />. — The literature of this subject is 

 critically reviewed. It appears that cattle of all ages are susceptible to infeo 

 tious vaginal catarrh. The characteristic discharge of the disease always con- 

 tains numerous diploeoeei and streptococci. The mucous membrane of the 

 vagina exhibits tubercles within I or 5 days after the appearance of the disease. 

 Tin-,, follicular enlargements gradually decrease in size after the active infec- 

 tion lias been controlled. It appears, therefore, that a cure may be effected 

 before the tubercles disappear. 



Sterility in milch cows, its cause and treatment, Albbechtsen (Samvirk. 

 Landbofor. F%m8 Ber. 1<.><)',-.~ K pp. 186-150). — Through the agency of various 

 experimental unions in Denmark the author obtained quite extensive data 

 regarding the number of milch cows which ^ r o farrow. In 1902 there were 180 

 such cows iii 2,508, or 7 per cent, while the number which aborted was 112. 

 or 11 per cent. In a total of 19,134 cows. 1,161 went farrow. 



The causes of such sterility are believed by the author to be found in the 

 reproductive organs Of the cow. and are apparently to he sought in some disease 

 which prevents the ripening of the eggs. In the majority of cases examined by 

 the author the corpus luteuin which develops during pregnancy failed to he 

 absorbed after parturition, and so long as it is not absorbed the COW remains 

 sterile. The operation of removing the corpus inteum from the surface of the 

 ovary is not difficult, and in T<> to 90 per cent of cases after this was done the 

 cow came in estrum within ."'. or 1 days. The author believes that thi.s treat- 



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