METEOROLOGY WATER. 943 



Note the rains of 1st if, a t Durban, of L900 at Bulawayo, Salisbury, and Johannesburg. 

 Further observations arc necessary before il can be stated what is the exact influence 

 of thesunspol minimum on South African weather. I l dp to the present, the direct 

 influence of Bruckner's 35-year cycle is inappreciable in South African weather." 



Forecasts for the year 1906, based on the weather cycles, are given. 



The atmosphere, <i. Bleuel {Jahresber. Agr. Chem., 8. ser., : {1904), pp. 3-18). — 

 A review is given of literature relating to this subject published during 1904, classified 

 as follows: Constituents (chemistry ) of the atmosphere and of atmospheric precipita- 

 tion, and physics of the atmosphere I meteorologj . 



Water, A. Hebebrand {Jahresber. Agr. Chem., ■'>. ser.,1 {1904), pp. 18-25).— k 

 review is given of the literature relating to this subject published during 1904, clas- 

 sified as follows: Spring, drain, ami irrigation water, and sewage and the purification 

 of Bewage \\ aters. 



A method of determining the turbidity of water, .!. Y . Liverseege Jon 

 Chem. 4 Indus. , 25 {1906), No. 2, p. 45). A method based upon the ability to read 

 standard type of different sizes through a column of water 2 ft. long at a distance of 

 2\ ft. is described, the results being termed "turbidity expressed in feet of distance 

 t<> read standard type." 



On the Wartha method for determining- hardness in v ater, II. Sichling 



{Devi. Gerber Ztg., 1905, pp. 271-216; abs. in Chem. CentbL, 1905, //, No. 18, pp. 982, 



The author concludes from his studies of various methods that Wartha's 



method is simple, easy of execution, and of value especially for tannery chemists. 



It was preferable to ( lark's method in cases in which the use of soap solutions pre- 

 sented difficulties. It must, however, be used with great care in waters naturally 

 containing soda or which have been softened by the use <>f this substance. 



Notes on investigations relating to rain water, II. M. Knipscheeb {Pharm. 

 Weekbl., 42 {1905), />/>. 1042-1045; abs. in Chem. CentbL, 1906, /, No. 5, p. 895).— The 

 author refers to investigations by Nonhebel on the importance of chlorin in rain water, 

 and describes a simple method, using fluorescin, of determining the depth to which 

 rain water sinks into the soil. 



The disappearance of water from the upper layers of the soil, \Y. G6tz 

 ( Vrtljschr. Bayer. Landw. Rat., 10 {1905), No. 3, pp. 391-419).- A general discussion 

 is given of reduction of humidity due to removal of forests, disappearance of bodies 

 of water, and increased percolation, and of the sources of the supply of water in the 

 soil. 



Influence of forests on underground waters, M. Ringelm \w I Jour. A 'jr. Prat., 

 n. ser., JO {190.5), No. 49, pp. 721- 728, figs. 3). The effect of forests in lowering the 

 level of phreatic waters and in conserving moisture and regulating streams is briefly 

 discussed. 



The drinking water question I //< / Drinkivat&rvraagstuk. 1905, pp. SO, pis. 

 5). — This is an account of a discussion of this subject at the Flemish Congress of 

 Natural Science and Hygiene held at Aalsl September 23 and 24, L905, including arti- 

 cles by A. J. .1. Vandevelde on Spring Water as a Source of Supply for Cities, and by 

 I. Bauwens on Sanitary Examinations of the Water of a Number of Springs, with 

 general discussion of the subject 



The hygienic role of germs in water, F. Malmejac I Rev. Sci. | Paris], ■'<. ser., 

 5 {1906), No. '»', /v. 176 178). The author concludes that a water containing a large 

 number of saprophytic germs is as a rule badly filtered and protected ami should not 

 be used for drinking purposes. The same is true for waters containing a consider- 

 able number of Bacillus <-<>/i communis, and of course for all waters containing germs 

 winch are undoubtedly pathogenic. 



The present status of waste water purification by biological methods, 

 Thumm {Osterr. Ungar. Ztschr. Zuclcerindus. <>. Landw., 1905, No. 5; <il>s. in Centbl. Bakt. 

 [etc.], .'. -\l>l., 15 {1906), No. 94, pp. 762, 763).— A general review of this subject, 

 especially as affecting England and Germany. 



