978 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



within twenty-five years, providing it can be done at a profit. The survey work 

 done as a basis 6 »r the working plan consisted principally in the running of valuation 

 surveys, making stem analysis, a study of the logging methods now in use on the 

 tract and their effects on the future productivity of the forest, a study of the losses 

 causecl by forest fires and means for preventing them, and a special study at the saw- 

 mill to determine the value of lumber sawed from trees of different sizes. 



The details secured in these surveys and studies are presented in extended form, 

 and include volume and stand tables. 



Forestry in Nova Scotia, K. W. Woodward (Forestry Quart., 4 {1906), Xo. 1, 

 pp. 10-13). — Forestry conditions in Nova Scotia and the prevailing timber species 

 are noted, as well as the common methods of lumbering. The country is little suited 

 to agriculture, except in the river basins, but is admirably adapted for forestry pur- 

 I h >ses. White spruce and fir reproduce abundantly and promise to be the main forest 

 trees of the future in that province. 



The principal timbers cut up to the present time have been white pine, red pine, red 

 and white oak, spruce, fir, and yellow birch. Hemlock is just beginning to be cut 

 on a large scale. Maple, birch, ash, poplar, paper and gray birch have not as yet 

 been cut commercially. Up to this time no trees less than 12 in. in diameter have 

 been taken commercially. In summarizing, the author states that Nova Scotia dem- 

 onstrates the practical application of the selection system as regards spruce forests. 

 Profitable cuttings are made annually, yet the productive capacity of the forest is 

 not impaired. 



Forestry and forest products of Japan (Tokyo: Dept. Agr. and Com., 1904, pp> 

 128). — This publication is a part of the Japanese exhibit at the St, Louis Exposition. 

 It treats of forests and forest administration in Japan, noting the forest zones and 

 their principal products, yield of forest products, and gives descriptions of the exhibit 

 presented. Fifty-nine per cent of the total area of Japan, or 577,170,000 acres, is 

 occupied by forests. About 21 per cent of the forests of Japan are conifer, 25 per 

 cent broadleaf trees, and 45 per cent conifer and broadleaf trees mixed. 



Weight' and shrinkage of Japanese woods, K. Moroto (Centbl. Gesam. Forstw., 

 31 (1905), No. 12, pp. 499-502). — A discussion of the air-dried weight, specific gravity, 

 and shrinkage of Japanese w T oods, with an account of the uses to which a large num- 

 ber of species are put in the manufacture of furniture, lumber, etc. 



The beginning of lumbering as an industry in the new world, and first 

 efforts at forest protection, J. E. Hobbs (Forestry Quart., 4 (1906), Xo. l,pp. 14-23). — 

 A historical paper on this subject. 



The rise in lumber prices, R. S. Kellogg (Forestry and Irrig., 12 (1906), Xo. 2, 

 pp. 68-70).— The author estimates that the country now uses about 50,000,000.000 ft. 

 of lumber annually, in addition to which the pulp mills take about 2,000,000 cords of 

 wood, the tanneries 1,500.000 cords of hemlock and oak Dark, and the railroads about 

 115,000,000 ties for renewals alone, besides posts, poles, and firewood. For the latter 

 purpose 146,000,000 cords were used in 1880, and it is probable that as much is used 

 at the present time. 



The estimated forest area of the United States is placed at 500,000,000 acres, of 

 which four-fifths is in private hands. The well-managed forests of Germany grow 

 on an average about 50 cu. ft. of wood per acre annually, and were our forests equally 

 well managed the supply of wood would just about equal the demand. As a matter 

 of fact, however, the annual growth of our forests is probably not more than one- 

 fifth that of the German forests. 



The use of wood pulp for paper making, S. C. Philipps (Jour. Soc. Arts, 53 

 (1905), Xo. 2739, pp. 700-719) .—An article dealing comprehensively with the various 

 phases observed in the preparation of wood pulp for paper making, including a dis- 

 cussion of the various processes of disintegrating the wood, chemical pulp, and the 

 various uses to which wood pulp is put. Statistics are given upon the pulp imported 



