DAIEY FARMING DAIRYING. 1009 



Cleansing- of milk vessels: Relative value of washing- powders, A. II. 

 Stewart (Amer. Med., // [1906), No. 7, pp. ' ', 1 ?44)> A.n investigation was made of 

 tin- methods employed in <-leansin;_ r I >< »t 1 1«~ an. I cans used for milk. 



Several methods were found in use, < 1 1 rinsing out cans or bottles \\ itli cold water, 

 which, while almost necessary to remove the remaining milk, is considered as leav- 

 ing the can almost a- dirt} as before; I 2 washing bottles an. I cans w ith a band brush 

 and a solution of one of the various washing powders, the method most often used 

 by the small dealer, which was frequently found to he done carelessly and without 

 hot water, or a washing-powder solution strong enough to he satisfactory; (3) wash- 

 ing with machines with a revolving brush and solution "i' washing powder and rins- 

 ing in water, the results of which method were considered unsatisfactory from a 

 bacteriological standpoint; (4) throwing a jet of live steam into inverted cans, which 

 method frequently serves to ii\ the dirt already in the can ami does not destroy the 

 bacteria; (5) washing by means of large machines constructed to throw powerful 

 streams of hot washing-powder solution- into the bottles, and followed by boiling 

 water, which method, the author says, was investigated thoroughly and found mosl 

 satisfactory; and (6) washing with soap and water and sterilizing in a steam box or 

 autoclave, which i- a fairly good method, hut applicable only when a comparatively 

 small uumber of bottles are to he cleaned daily. 



The fifth method mentioned i- considered capable of cleansing 95 per cent of the 



bottles perfectly. The author states that 500 bottles have been watched going 

 through this kind of machine without finding one that had not been thoroughly 

 cleansed. "This is probably the only rapid practical method of sterilizing and 

 cleansing milk vessels." 

 Several washing powders were compared as regards t heir ability to destroy bacteria 



and cleanse milk vessels. The germ-destroying power was found to he slight. 



Sodium carbonate and powders containing a large proportion of this material were 

 found to cleanse mosl thoroughly and most rapidly. Powders composed of alkali 

 and a fat cleansed well, hut less rapidly. 



The author considers the establishment at each milk-receiving depot in Philadel- 

 phia of a can washing and cleansing building, where all cans must he sterilized before 

 being sent hack to the farms, as the only remedy for the deplorable condition exist- 

 ing in that city. The advantages of such a scheme are enumerated. 



The examination of pasteurized milk, I\ B uttenberg (Ztschr. Uhtersuch. Nahr. 

 u. Genussmtl, 11 {1906), No. 7, pp. 877-S85, jig. I).— Tests were made of the follow- 

 ing methods used fordetecting pasteurized milk: il ) The guaiac reaction, (2) Schar- 

 ^iinger's reaction with methylene blue ami formaldehyde, | .) the reaction of Neisser 

 and Wechsberg depending upon the reduction of methylene blue by bacteria, l 1 1 the 

 bacterial content, and (5J the incubation of the sample according to the method of 

 Bonnema E. S. R., 16, p. 1123). The data obtained in the application of these 

 methods to samples pasteurized by the author and to commercial samples are reported 

 in tabular form. The different method- maybe readily employed under practical 

 conditions and, when taken together, furnish much more reliable data for judging a 

 Bam pie than the results obtained by any one method alone. 



The pasteurization of cream and the use of pure cultures in butter making, 

 .1. AlHthaud-Bebthet, A. Perkier, and L. Duponti Rev. Gin. Lait, ■'< {1906), Nos. 10, 

 />/>. .'/: .'.'.'; tl, pp. .'/'/ .'/'-). -The results of a study of butter making in the region 

 of Isigny, France, are reported along with experiments in which pasteurization and 

 pure cultures were employed with satisfactory result-. The authors recommend 

 past en i ization at 65° ( '. for 5 minutes and the use of suitable cultures. 



Protest against slandering American butter, (i. L. .McKay | Hoard? 8 Dairy- 

 man, SI I 1906 ), No. l :, i'. SS6 |. The author contends thai only a very small amount 

 of American butter contains an abnormally high percentage of water. 



