VETERINARY MEDICINE. 1017 



most extensive experiments ever carried out in feeding glanders bacilli to horses and 

 experimental animal- to determine the method and extent of infection through the 

 alimentary tract. 



The author fed the bacilli in capsules sealed bo thai the glanders bacilli could not 

 escape until the capsule was digested in the stomach. It was fo ind possible to pro- 

 duce latent glanders in horses a> a resull of this method of infection, rhe disease, 

 however, was not \ ery virulent and sometimes persisted for a year or even 13 months 

 without givii.g any evidence of its existence. Such animals did not give a mallein 

 reaction or >h<>w any increased agglutinating power of the blood toward glanders 

 bacilli. Care was exercised in all cases that the capsules were noi broken in passing 

 through the esophagus. It was found in experiments with guinea pigs and other 

 animals that tin- digestive juice exercises a considerable effect upon the glanders 

 bacillus, hindering its development ami reducing it- virulence. 



One of the reasons why glanders produced through the agencj of the alimentary 

 tract may require a long time t<> become established is found in the fact that the glan- 

 ders bacilli are so greatly diluted with large quantities of t'oo.l material, water, and 

 digestive juices in the alimentary tract. Nevertheless, infection does take place from 

 bacilli in the alimentary tract causing primitive foci ,,{ infection in the mesenteric 

 glands. The specific localization of glanders bacilli in the lungs in such cases is a 

 secondary process. During the author's experiments it was shown that glanders 

 bacilli are eliminated in the urine of infected animal-. 



Etiology of pneumonia in horses, Lorenz I Berlin. Tierarztl. Wchnschr., 1906, 

 No. 5, y/'. 73-75). — An outbreak of this disease gave tin- author an opportunity to 

 study it- symptoms and also to carry on some investigations regarding its etiology. 

 A micro-organism was found in the form of a bacillus with thickened cud-, and this 

 bacillus occurs under other developmental forms, including diplococci and strepto- 

 cocci. These organisms were not to he seen except by the use of the most approved 

 microscopic apparatus. The author believes that the organism may safely be con- 

 sidered as the cause of pneumonia. 



Observations on the blood of horses infected with tetanus, M. I".. Tabi sso 

 I Centbl. Bakt. [etc.], 1. Abt., Orig*, 40 {1906), No. 8, pp. 311-317).— lr\ this study par- 

 ticular attention was given to the hemolytic and agglutinative power of the blood of 

 horses infected with tetanus. It was found that a temperature of 56 C. destroyed 



the hemolytic power of the serum. 



Treatment of tetanus in race horses, Chapard [Bui. Soc. Cent. Med. I"//., 88 

 {1906), No. '. pp. 64-70). — It has frequently been observed that in thoroughbred 

 horses of nervous temperament tetanus is usually fatal. The author finds, however, 

 that under certain circumstances this peculiar susceptibility to tetanus may he of 

 value in treating the disease, tor. in some instances, the firsl symptoms appear so 

 promptly that the disease is detected in time to prevent it- further development by 

 antiseptic treatment of the wound where infection took place. In one case treatment 

 of this sort combined with the use of antitetanic serum, chloral, and caffein brought 

 about a complete recovery within 10 days. 



Nodules in the mucous membrane of the stomach in horses. A. Tomiolo 

 {Gior. /«. Soc. ed.Accad. Vet. It'll.. 55 {1906), No. i. />/>. 5-7).«— In an inspection of 

 horse meat in an Italian abattoir the author reports the finding of nodules in the 

 gastric mucous membrane of an otherwise healthy horse. These nodules contained 

 a worm identified as Filaria spiroptera. 



Spirillosis in the horse in French Guinea, < .. Martin i <'<n,, r t. Rend. Soc Biol. 

 [Paris'], 60 {1906), No. 8, pp. l .'hi -"'>. fig. 1). — Symptoms closely resembling those 

 of trypanosomiasis were observed in a horse in the blood of which numerous spirilla 

 were found associated with the red blood corpuscles. When this blood was used for 

 the inoculation of chicken- no results were observed, but in sheep a fever developed 

 within 37 days and trypanosomes appeared in the hlood. 



