AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. 1021 



Statistics showing the distribution of machinery of various kinds among farms of 

 different sizes are given, indicating thai iVu farms under L 2 acres use farm machin- 

 erj i power machines, seeders, manure spreaders, and mowers . and less than half of 

 those from L 2 to 50 acres. Dr. Lang has prepared cost data showing the actual sav- 

 ing in manual labor effected by the use of machines, having collected information 

 from farmers. It is pointed out that experiment station tests fail to show the actual 

 difficulties encountered in various soils and with unskilled management. 



A g-asoline-motor-propelled roller (Sci. Amer. Sup., 61 {1906), No. 1571, p. 

 25172, fig. 1). — A small and compact 3-ton roller which can be weighted with 10 

 cwt. of water by filling the hack roller. Two speeds are provided, and the machine 

 is readily reversed, making it adaptable to all kind- of road work. It i- made in 

 England, ami is said to Ik- the first application of gasoline for a roller. 



Producer g-as and g/as producers | Tradesman, 5 i ( 1906), No. 9, pp. 114, 115). — 

 A paper read before an engineers' society by S. S. Wyer, giving an outline of the ori- 

 gin of producer gas, and modern methods of making and cleaning it for use in gas 

 engines. The writer believes that "it presents the easiest and most practical solu- 

 tion of the elimination of the smoke nuisance. It will also show a marked economy 

 in labor, fuel, and water consumption, standby and distribution losses, and the 

 handling of peak loads . . . and the time will soon come when we will have pro- 

 ducer gas locomotives and portable engines." 



AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. 



Second International Congress of Agricultural Education | 2. Cong. Tnternat. 

 Enseig. Agr.,1905, vols. /, Raps.elDoc. Prel.,pp. 692; 2, Compt. loud, pp. 16.,').— This 

 is a report in two volumes of the work of the Second International Congress of Agri- 

 cultural Education, held at Liege, Belgium, July 28-29, 1905. 



Volume 1 contains reports and preliminary documents relating to the work of the 

 1 sections: (1) Higher agricultural education, (2) secondary agricultural education, 

 3) popular agricultural education, and (4) various means of disseminating informa- 

 tion concerning agricultural science. In the lirst and third sections aregiven reports, 

 opinions, and resolutions presented or adopted at 7 preceding international con- 

 gresses of agriculture and at the First International Congress of Agricultural Educa- 

 tion, held at Paris in 1904. In the section on higher agricultural education 35 papers 

 were presented by delegates representing 14 countries of Europe, the United states, 

 Japan, and the German colonies. In these papers are discussed systems of agricul- 

 tural education; the work of particular agricultural institutions; agricultural courses 

 in general; and particular phases of instruction in agriculture, such as agricultural 

 mechanics, economic entomology, zootechnv, tropical agriculture, rural economy, 

 zoology as applied to agriculture* etc. 



The papers presented at the section on secondary agricultural education differ 

 materially from those presented at the first section, in that only one of the 1 I paper- 

 discusses the work of a particular institution | the Provincial School of Agriculture, 

 Barcelona, Spain). The other papers arc taken up with discussions of the educa- 

 tional value of secondary courses in agriculture, desirable features of such court 

 qualifications of teachers, agricultural schools for women, etc. 



At the section on popular education 20 papers were presented. These discuss such 



topics as traveling schools, agricultural instruction in primary scl Is, courses for 



farmers, courses in agriculture for soldiers, and the service of agronomes. The 

 papers presented at the fourth Bection are devoted to the discussion of reading circles, 

 agricultural libraries, agricultural journals, lantern slides, lectures, and other means 

 of disseminating information. 



Volume 2 of the report is taken up with the proceedings of the congress. 



